NUCLEUS AND RIBOSOMES

1. NUCLEUS AND RIBOSOMES Mary Francis Baxter, Morgan Good, Hannah Moore, Cathie Quamme AP Bio Period 1&2

2. Chromatin • Found in eukaryotic plant and animal cells. • Located within the nucleus. • Is a network of condensed strands - coil into rod-like structures called chromosomes during mitosis • May cause ATR-X syndrome • - mutations of the ATR-X gene have higher chance of mental retardation, along with facial and skeletal abnormalities • Chromatin is similar to a library in that it stores • information, and not every chromatin is the same • or perfect, just as library books aren’t.

3. Nucleolus • Is a structural knot of chromatin. • Responsible for the manufacture of ribosomes. • Present in eukaryotic plant and animal cells. • May cause Parkinson’s disease, a neurological disorder • -this occurs when nucleoli do not efficiently carry out protein synthesis, making the cells defective. • Is similar to a factory in that both the nucleolus and a factory produce multiples of the same product, being the ribosomes, and also in that both a factory and nucleoli are thrown off in their production greatly when a small malfunction occurs.

4. Nuclear pore • Each cell have multiple pore, each being a pathway for the cell to import and export proteins, and export RNA. • Responsible for the synthesis of RNA . • Found in eukaryotic plant and animal cells. • Can cause various viruses such a HIV • -the nucleolus can allow things into the cell whih are harmful, then the nucleus can intensify these. • similar to a river in that different substances flow to a new place, and by it’s path-like structure.

5. Chromosomes • carry genetic info. • equal number of c-somes. • are divded between daughter cells during nuclear division. • contain DNA and some RNA. • found in eukaryotes (animal and plant). • can cause down syndrome among many others. • are much like nurses because they help deliver/care for babies who are basically big bundles of genetic info <3 • AND much like nurses work in hospitals which are like eukaryotic cells because of all their various wards, like a cells organelles.

6. Ribosomes • can be found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. • are either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. • make proteins by connecting amino acids into long chains. • have 2 subunits, which are different for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. • are much like construction workers, because they connect the amino acids one at a time and because they build a long chain of them. Some scientists believe that ribosome dysfunction lead to Alzheimer’s disease, Diamond Blackfan Anemia, and gastric cancer

7. C’est La Fini!