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Post world war I europe

Great Depression and the New Political Experiments. Post world war I europe. Major Generalizations. Europe struggled to maintain peace and democracy. Rise of Totalitarianism to solve economic and social problems. Use of Mass Communication to mobilize populations. WWI Aftermath.

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Post world war I europe

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  1. Great Depression and the New Political Experiments Post world war Ieurope

  2. Major Generalizations • Europe struggled to maintain peace and democracy. • Rise of Totalitarianism to solve economic and social problems. • Use of Mass Communication to mobilize populations.

  3. WWI Aftermath • France tried to enforce the Treaty of Versailles • League of Nation lacked muscle • Ethnic minority problems in eastern Europe • Short trend toward democracy in Eastern Europe; moved slowly • Women’s rights increased • Conservatives & socialist tried to eliminate democracy

  4. GREAT DEPRESSION CAUSES: • Global economy • Disrupted Markets • High inflation • Agriculture Depression • Reparations • Credit Financing

  5. Great Depression Effects • 35% were unemployed in U.S. & Germany • Global Bank Failures • Currency depreciation; all states off the gold standard • Democratic countries hurt the most • John M. Keyes-said gov’t needs to aid needy, cut taxes and work on the deficit finances; called ‘Keynesian’ economics…flourished starting in 1945. • United Kingdom- Ireland & Egypt become independent • United States- FDR creates ‘New Deal’; WWII will bring U.S. out of depression • Scandinavia- Used a mixture of socialism and democracy to improve economy

  6. The Great Depression [1929-1941] London in 1930 Paris in 1930

  7. Maimed German WW I Veteran

  8. German Unemployment: 1929-1938

  9. The Great Depression [1929-1941]

  10. German-Weimar Republic • Faced economic & political problems • Influential Germans HATED government • Several attempts by extremist to overthrow government; not working class • Blamed government for ‘Diktat’ of Treaty of Versailles • Reparation payment falls behind; • France decides to invade Ruhr Valley for steel and coal as payment; workers passively resist • Dawes Plans created by U.S.

  11. Dawes Plan

  12. European Debts to the United States

  13. Weimar Government • Hyperinflation- overnight, value of mark collapses • Beer Hall Putsch- Hitler tries to overthrow gov’t; failed, jailed & writes Mien Kampf(1924) which outlined racial ideas and goals of Germany • Locarno Pact- (1925) truly ends WWI; • establishes western (w/o Alsace-Lorraine) & eastern border (Czech. & Poland); • allows Germany into League of Nations • Kellogg-Briand Pact- (1928) denounces war by League of Nations

  14. Locarno Pact: 1925 Austin Chamberlain (Br.) GustaveStresemann(Ger.) AristideBriand(Fr.) • Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. • Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

  15. Totalitarianism • Exploited mass media to mobilize public to create support for new government • Differed from past absolute monarchs • Controlled all aspects of society; lacked individuality

  16. Left & Right Political Systems

  17. Economic Politics

  18. Rise of the Nazi’s Why? • Economic distress • Weakness of Weimar government • Appeals to Nationalism • Fear of Communism • Anti-Semitism views • Leadership of Hitler (State based on race)

  19. Hitler • Hitler- Hated Jews & ‘Mongrels’ (Hapsburg empire-due to its diversity) • Called for Lebensraum- living space in the east • After WWI, joined National Socialist Party (Nazi’s) • Blamed problems on Treaty of Versailles; vowed to restore honor • Used propaganda and speeches to get the younger Germans on Nazi side. • By 1932, Nazi’s were majority of Reichstag • Hitler is seen as best hope for defeat of communism • By 1933, Hitler is appointed as Chancellor

  20. Hitler and the Nazi’s • Banned all political parties (except Nazi’s) • Used violence and intimidation • Enabling & Civil Service Acts (1933)-makes Hitler dictator; enforces all gov’t employees to swear an oath to Hitler • Blood Purge- (1934) killed opposition leaders • Gestapo & SS(Schutzstaffel)- secret police; arrested opposition, ran concentration camps to create Aryan race

  21. Hitler continued • Helped economy by becoming self sufficient & created public works • Hitler’s Youth (boys) & League of German Maidens (girls) created. • Nuremburg Laws- (1935) defined who a Jew was; stripped citizenship; prohibited sexual relations with ‘Aryans’. • Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)-1938- Violence toward Jews; synagogues, business’s and houses torched; Jews killed and arrested • Sterilization- killing those that are mentally ill, physically unfit, etc. • T-4 Program- Killing of 200,000 between 1939-41 in Genocide program based on Mein Kampf

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