Foreign Policy and National Defense Chapter 17

6. Foreign Policy and National DefenseChapter 17

7. What is Foreign Policy? The actions, decisions, and principles that guide the U.S. government's relationships with other nations. - commercial relationship (China) (NAFTA) - diplomatic relationship (Great Britain) - military relationship (South Korea)

11. Why is Foreign Policy important? - The world as a "Global village" - the survival of the United States can be greatly affected by what happens elsewhere on the globe. - War, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, financial crisis: all have an impact on the interests of the United States.

15. Foreign Policy permits: - conflict resolution (treaties) - peace (alliances: United Nations) - national security - trade & economic cooperation

16. Introduction to U.S. foreign policy • Policy of Isolationism - a refusal to become involved in foreign affairs • World War II - caused a major shift in policy 3. Containment (Cold War) 4. Policy of Internationalism

17. U.S. Foreign Policy Chain of Command The President Congress Defense Department State Department Foreign Policy Agencies

18. The President - the president dominates the foreign policy field - chief diplomat and commander in chief - bears major responsibility for the making and conduct of U.S. foreign policy

19. Congress - has significant power over foreign and military affairs - they have the power to declare war - Senate must confirm all treaties and appointments made by the President

20. State Department - State Department was created in 1781 What is the State Department? - The primary duty of the State Department has always been the security of the nation. Priorities include: - protecting American citizens and interest abroad - negotiating with other nations - providing humanitarian relief funds

21. Who makes up the State Department? • headed by the Secretary of State: Hillary Clinton - The Secretary of State is usually the President's # 1 foreign policy advisor and ranks first in the Cabinet. Secretary's duties involve: - making and conducting policy - managing the department (25,000 employees)

22. The Foreign Service -the diplomatic staff that represents the US in other nations

23. Ambassadors - an official appointed to represent a nation in diplomatic matters. - appointed by the president - we have American embassies in 160 nations Diplomatic Immunity - they cannot be prosecuted for breaking their host country's laws

27. Passports - a certificate issued by the government to its citizens who travel abroad.

28. Other Foreign/Defense Policy Agencies In addition to the State and Defense Dept: -Immigration and Naturalization Service -Customs Service - Coast Guard

29. Central Intelligence Agency -- created in 1947 Three major task: 1. coordinate information from all agencies that deal with foreign affairs and national defense 2. analyze all data collected 3. advise the President of that intelligence  - CIA also conducts worldwide intelligence operations. (Secret Covert Activities) - Espionage

31. United State Information Agency -propaganda unit of the federal government Mission: to promote the image of the US and to sell its policies and our way of life abroad. - radio and television broadcast -VOA (voice of America) - distribute publications, films, academic exchange programs

32. NASA - military importance - Launch satellites for communication and intelligence gathering (spying)

33. United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency - formulates and implements arms control and disarmament policies that promote the national security of the United States and its relations with other countries.

34. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties (START) - 1991/1993 - Treaty between the US and Russia to reduce long range nuclear weapons. - Promised to destroy 2/3 of their ICBMs

35. Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty -1996: signed by 126 nations - ends all nuclear weapons test worldwide above or below ground, military or civilian, high or low yield

36. The Selective Service System - From 1940-1973 the draft was in effect - over 15 million men were drafted during this time - suspended in 1973, but still on the books - The draft law places a military obligation on all males in the US between the ages of 18 1/2 and 26. -All males must register for service at age 18. -Supreme Court has upheld the Constitutionality of the draft.

37. American Foreign Policy: Past and Present • Policy of Isolationism • “Noninvolvement” • US policy for the first 150 years WHY?? • The United States had many problems of our own. • Huge continent to settle

38. The Monroe Doctrine

39. The Monroe Doctrine • President James Monroe (1823) • Message to Congress • He warned the nations of Europe and Russia to stay out of the affairs of North/South America. • Doctrine designed to protect American interest

40. Continental Expansion Manifest Destiny – The expansion of US boundaries to the Pacific Ocean. • Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Florida Purchase (1819) • Texas (1845) • Mexican War (1848) • Gadsden Purchase (1853) • Alaska (1867)

41. The United States Emerges as a World Power • US first emerged as a world power after the Spanish American War (1898) With Spain’s defeat the US gained: • Philippines • Guam • Puerto Rico • Hawaii (1898)

42. Open Door Policy • Great Britain, France, Germany, and Japan wanted to take slices of China’s coast for trade. US suggest: • Equal trade access for all nations • China be independent and sovereign over their own territory. • Opened trade to China

43. By 1900 the United States had become a major colonial power • US Territory stretched from Alaska to Latin America to the Pacific Ocean.

44. Theodore Roosevelt

45. Roosevelt Corollary • Under President Theodore Roosevelt, the US began to police parts of Latin America. Marines were sent into: • Nicaragua • Haiti • Cuba

46. Panama (1903) • Panama revolts and becomes independent from Columbia • The United States gains the right to build the Panama Canal • (1917) Virgin Islands purchased

47. Panama Canal

48. World War One(1914-1918)