Universities Allied for Essential Medicine Central Michigan University Chapter

1. Increasing Global Access to Medicine through Information Transfer and the Philadelphia Consensus Presented by: Steven Witte Pratik Chhetri Nicholas DeKorver Katie Colaccino Universities Allied for Essential Medicine Central Michigan University Chapter

2. Presentation Outline • Social technology transfer and how it relates to Universities • Organizations that work with social technology and humanitarian global efforts • Philadelphia Consensus Statement • Central Michigan Universities potential role and possible adaptations to current policies

3. Goals for this Meeting • Create an understanding of social technology transfer and how it can be protected • Discuss organizations currently using social technology to help solve global issues. • With a focus on Universities Allied for Essential Medicines (UAEM) • Discuss the possible role Central Michigan University can play in the future

4. Beginning Questions: • -Money? -Public service? What is Technology Transfer? Why do universities engage in technology transfer?

5. Values are the Key • The answer lies in what you value. • If you value profit, then economic gain drives technology transfer • If you value public services, then societal impact is the driving force

6. What Defines Success in Technology Transfer? Mission Outcomes desired Success is determined by measuring those outcomes • Defining success is a function of the outcomes desired • Outcomes are a function of an institution’s mission • Most universities missions include 3 levels: • Teaching • Research • Public Service

7. Understanding the Mission of Universities Teaching = Sharing knowledge Research = Advancing new knowledge Public service = Translating knowledge and resources for the public good

8. How Technology Transfer can be Utilized to best Realize a Universities Mission Ethics vs. Economics • It all begins with how tech transfer success is measured • Ability of an idea to make money? • Ability to increase access to knowledge? • Economic metrics vs. access metrics • Economic Metrics = Revenue Only • Access Metrics = Less inclusive, focus on humanitarian impact

9. Restoring Balance to Academic Technology Transfer • Technology transfer should help a university best carry out its mission • A patent does not directly reflect the value of an idea • Focusing on knowledge access helps define desired outcomes, thus, technology transfer success

10. Bottom line: Universities best realize their mission when they measure technology transfer success in terms of impact on society (mainly through increasing access to knowledge).

11. How to Measure Societal Impact • Access to knowledge • If you don’t measure the success of technology transfer based on money, what do you use? • Citation analysis • Alliance management • Outreach, education, and communication • Research exemption • Humanitarian use of exemption

12. Measuring Research Success: Citation Analysis • Publication and citation numbers measure value of information • Innovation pipeline ranking system which is not based on royalties but, rather, is nonmonetary • See the 2006 Milken Report • Used citation analysis to rank universities

13. Measuring Research Success: Research Exemption • Important research is inhibited due to fear of patent infringement • Patents on genes, potential drugs, etc. • Include research exemptions on patents • Necessary to maintain the fundamental right of academic inquiry

14. Measuring Research Success: Access to Essential Medicines • Essential Medicines: • satisfy the health care needs of the majority • available at all times in adequate amounts • sold at a price the community can afford • World Health Organization • Under an economic metric, patenting in developing countries makes no sense definitely • People cannot afford • No money can be made • Under access metric, making medicines available to developing countries should be a high priority

15. Measuring Research Success: Open Innovation Models • Markets are driven by innovation and access to knowledge • Example: the open source software movement • Industry alliances are very beneficial • Focus for research institution • Facilitate economic development through • access to knowledge advances and • strong engagement with government • community partners • industry partners • Social entrepreneurship

16. Problems with Economic Metrics Not an accurate value of University output Causes start-up negotiation problems Conflict with mission of university

17. Further Resources • The Better World Report 2009 • Innovations from Academic Research that Positively Impact Global Health • In the Public Interest • White paper adopted by many Universities • Mind to Market: A Global Analysis of University Biotechnology Transfer and Commercialization • Evaluating Academic Technology Transfer by how well Access to Knowledge is Facilitated-Defining an Access Metric • Jill Sorensen, led technology transfer offices at John Hopkins and University of Illinois • Equitable Access License (EAL) • Endorsed by UAEM

18. Review of Social Metrics Socially responsible licensing practices can and should be adopted to advance the public service mission of the research institution Will also advance success of academic technology transfer

19. How does this apply to humanity on a Local, National, and Global Level?

20. Organizations working toward Global Humanitarianism • Gates Foundation • $38.7 Billion for charitable activities • Three Strategies: Discovery, Development, and Delivery • The Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Partnership Foundation • Provide grants for best practices in campus-community programs and best new ideas for service projects solving community based problems

21. Universities Allied for Essential Medicine • Non-Profit Organization created to: • Promote Access to medicines for people in developing countries • Ensure university medical research meets the needs of the majority of the worlds population • Empower students to respond to the access and innovation crisis • Large focus on Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)

22. Neglected Tropical Diseases • Buruli Ulcer • American Trypanosomiasis- Chagas Disease • Breakbone Fever-Dengue haemorrhagic fever • Guinea Worm Disease-Dracunculiasis • Fascioliasis • African Sleeping Sickness-Human African trypanosomiasis • Black Fever-Leishmaniasis • Leprosy • Elephantiasis-Lymphatic filariasis • Neglected zoonotic diseases • River Blindness-Onchocerciasis • Snail Fever-Schistosomiasis • Soil transmitted helminthiasis • Trachoma • Yaws

23. Neglected Tropical Disease Facts: • 1 billion people suffer from a neglected tropical disease. • Each year, Ten Million people die from diseases that have available cure • Only 10% of the Research and Development dollars go towards research into 90% of the world’s health problem • Compare it to this: • More money goes into curing baldness than curing NTDs

24. Why do the diseases go untreated? • The diseases are overlooked because the sick do not make up a large enough piece of the global commercial market to attract commercial research. • Often, drugs that are developed do not reach the intended populations due to the lack of monetary gain associated with sales in third world nations.

25. How can Central Michigan University contribute to increasing access to essential medicines?

26. How this all Applies to CMU • A U.S. Senate report in 2000 found that 15 of the 21 drugs with the greatest therapeutic impact were developed using federally funded research, most of which occurs at universities. • So far, however, drugs developed at universities have remained largely out of reach for millions of the destitute sick in the developing world. • Example: Yale’s AIDS research

27. CMU already has resources in place • Growing, Malleable University • Universities Allied for Essential Medicines • Brand-new RSO • Works to construct creative, new approaches to improving the development and delivery of public health goods • A global organization

28. UAEM Chapters in the World

29. Research at CMU Dr. Thomas Delia, Chemistry Dr. Leela Rakesh, Applied Mathematics

30. The Philadelphia Consensus • Another resource CMU could use • The Consensus Statement’s recommendations: • Ensure that drug developed in campus laboratories is made available to the developing world • Promote research and development for Neglected Tropical Diseases • Measure research success according to impact on human welfare

31. Endorsers of the Philadelphia Consensus Statement • 5 Nobel Laureates • Hundreds of the highest profile luminaries in the fields of science, medicine, and health policy • Thousands of students and faculty at over 100 Universities internationally http://www.essentialmedicine.org/cs/?page_id=4

32. Endorsers • President Bill Clinton endorsed the Philadelphia Consensus Statement in a recent speech at Yale • President Obama has enacted policies inspired by UAEM • Senator Patrick Leahy (VT) introduced the Public Research in the Public Interest Act • The Deans of the Schools of Public Health at Harvard and Yale urge universities to sign

33. UAEM Publications “In the Public Interest” A white paper, inspired by UAEM, that recognizes universities fundamental responsibility to ensure their research benefits the world’s poor. It is committed to developing a licensing strategy to achieve that goal.

34. UAEM Publications • Berkeley first announced its strategy for Socially Responsible Licensing • Aims to maximize the societal benefit of technologies developed at UC Berkeley • Led to other universities following suite • Inspired by UAEM

35. Harvard MIT Stanford University of California University of Illinois (Chicago and Urbana Champaign) University of Washington Yale University of Wisconsin Duke University of Michigan University of North Carolina Vanderbilt Lehigh University And also the Association of American Medical Colleges Association of University Technology Transfer Managers University Supporters

36. CMU Vision Statement CMU will be a nationally prominent university known for integrity, academic excellence, research and creative activity, and public service." –Adopted by the Board of Trustees, March 3, 2005

37. Strategic Planning at CMU Those five priorities are:1. Create an environment that supports teaching and learning as the top priority.2. Provide educational experiences and programs that enhance diversity and global perspectives.3. Enhance the infrastructure for research and creative activities.4. Provide service for the public good.5. Strengthen the institution’s culture of integrity.

38. Corporate Support • Drug Companies and the FDA are also in support of this movement • The FDA announced that it will award priority vouchers to drugs being developed for NTDs • will save drug companies hundreds of millions of dollars • Removes fear of drug production • Several drug companies, including Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline, have volunteered to allow generic production of their patented drugs for use in developing countries

39. The Difference Between Universities and Corporations • Universities have a public and social responsibility • Companies do not, they have to provide a return of investment to their shareholders. • Merck’s Mission Statement: “Provide... Investors with a superior rate of return” • “Our labs, our drugs, our responsibility” • UAEM Motto

40. What Can the Consensus Do for us? • Consensus brings recognition • Sets up a comparison of CMU to other high caliber learning institutions • Excellent Public Relations • Supports Institutional Goals

41. Central’s future with the Statement • Currently, it would be a stepping stone • Sets us up for: • future research opportunities • Collaboration with other Universities

42. Right Now Faculty Students Current Research In Ten Years Opportunity to bring in more globally recognized faculty Opens the University to more student research opportunities Allows greater research capabilities Attracts positive, humanitarian efforts Current vs. Future

43. In Closing: “There is no them, there is only us.” -Lisa Williams