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Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration. Introduction to Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis (to make using light)—the process by which autotrophs convert sunlight to a usable form of energy…sugar. Plants also carry out cellular respiration, but they do not have to “eat” sugar. Sunlight.

solomon-guerrero
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Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

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  1. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

  2. Introduction to Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis (to make using light)—the process by which autotrophs convert sunlight to a usable form of energy…sugar. • Plants also carry out cellular respiration, but they do not have to “eat” sugar.

  3. Sunlight • Is a mixture of visible wavelengths. The different wavelengths are different colors and carry different amounts of energy • Spectrum of visible colors. • (Longest) ROY G. BIV (shortest) • Light is either absorbed (black), transmitted, or reflected (the color you see) • The sun’s energy is trapped by plant pigments (chlorophyll).

  4. Chlorophyll • Types of Chlorophyll • Chlorophyll a—main pigment that traps light; reflects blue-green; absorbs red • Chlorophyll b—reflects yellow-green. • Carotenoids—reflects red, orange, yellow (squash, carrots)

  5. Leaf Structure • epidermis—row of cells on the top & bottom • cuticle—waxy covering on upper surface • stomata—pores on the underside of leaf where gases are exchanged • mesophyll (middle leaf)—where the chloroplasts are located • Chloroplast—organelle containing chlorophyll; where photosynthesis occurs

  6. Chloroplast structure • Chloroplast structure—has two surrounding membranes & 2 inner parts • Thylakoids—disc shaped membrane sacs arranged in stacks…think of coins on top of each other • Grana (Granum)—stacks of thylakoids • Stroma—gel like material surrounding grana

  7. Photosynthesis • PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Two parts: • Light Reaction (light dependent)—occurs in the thylakoids and must have light; “photo” • Dark Reaction (light independent)—occurs in the stroma without light; “synthesis” • H2O + CO2 + Sunlight C6H12O6 + O2

  8. Parts of the chemical equation •  Reactants—what you “put in” to the equation; usually on the left of the yield arrow • Yield arrow—an arrow that shows the direction of the equation • Products—the end result of your equation; usually on the right side of the yield arrow. What you make.

  9. Light Reaction: • Requires energy from sun and water • Splits (breaks covalent bonds) water to release oxygen ( O2 ) and some energy (H+) • This energy is stored as ATP and NADPH

  10. Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle): • 1. Requires CO2 , sugar, enzymes, and energy (ATP & NADPH) • 2. It does not require sunlight • 3. Takes CO2 (from air) plus ATP (from light reaction) and converts them into glucose.

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