Social Norms (SN)

1. Social Norms (SN) Ashley Galicia Yamiris Rivera

2. Social Learning theory • Social Learning Theory assumes that we learn behavior through observational learning. • Observational learning is where people can learn by watching models and imitating their behavior.

3. Social learning has several factors • Attention: The person must pay attention to the model. • Retention: They must be able to remember the behavior they observe. • Motor reproduction: They must be able to replicate what they have observed. • Motivation: They must want to demonstrate what was observed. • Consistency: If the model behaves consistently in all situations being observed than the observer will most likely imitate them. • Identification with the model: The observe tends to imitate models who are like themselves ( ex: age and gender). • Rewards/Punishment: They learn through what happens to others, they don't have to experience it themselves. • Liking the model: Warm and friendly models will be imitated more than harsh, unfriendly models.

4. Bandura et al. • Experiment: Bandura wanted to see in his experiment if kids would imitate the aggression that was modeled by adults. • They had 36 boys and 36 girls aged 3 to 6 years old and they divided them into groups. • One group had an adult who showed aggression to the bobo dolls. Another group saw adults who were non-aggressive. The last group did not see any model. • After watching the models the children were placed with the toys.

5. Bandura et al. continued • Findings: Bandura found that the children who seen the aggressive model were aggressive to the bobo doll as well. The children who seen the non-aggressive models placed nicely with the toys. • Bandura also found that the children showed signs of observations learning since they mimicked what their adult models did. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCETgT_Xfzg

6. Yarrow et al. • The experiment Yarrow et al. performed was an experiment to find how children reacted to certain situations. • Experiment: Children between the ages of 3-4 years old were put in a room to observe the behavior of their caregiver. The caregiver would be sympathetic to the other children. Their caregiver was even seen being nice and helpful to a different child whom had fell and bumped there head. The child observed the behavior for the day and in two weeks were put back into the same room but with a different scenario. The room was chaotic and the caregiver was not dropping things on the floor and a child was crying. This was given to show what child would do and how they would react.

7. Yarrow et al. continued • Findings: When the children seen the caregiver having a difficult time caring for the other children and dropping items on the floor they quickly modeled their caregivers behavior and rushed to help them. The children who’s caregiver was not that willing to help others were hesitate to help the upset children but were willing to help pick up the items that were dropped on the floor. • This shows that children are easily influenced by the people they look up to and are around most such as family members and parents or other caregivers. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEDLGQ7qxwI

8. Questions • What does the social learning theory assume? • What is observational learning? • What are at least four factors of social learning? • What item Bandura et al. use in his experiment? • What was the outcome or the findings of Bandura et al.’s experiment? • What experiment did Yarrow et al. perform? • What was the outcome of Yarrow et al.’s experiment?

9. Resources • http://books.google.com/books?id=SnMbs3b173cC&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=Yarrow+et+al.+psychology&source=bl&ots=uBvHvl4bd1&sig=53aki53dYMy_rIbhnJ9NB7osC7w&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCETgT_Xfzg • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEDLGQ7qxwI