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2. STAR REVIEW • Great Awakening-religious revival movement in the colonies • Enlightenment-intellectual movement that started in Europe • John Locke-Life, Liberty, Property • Common Sense-Thomas Paine-attacked the Monarchy • Thomas Jefferson-main author of D. of I. • Declaration of Independence-declaring our freedom from England July 4th 1776

3. STAR REVIEW • Articles of Confederation-1st gov’t in U.S. failed-no executive branch • Constitution-new gov’t- 3 branch system • Executive, Judicial, Legislative • Congress-2 House system • House of Reps & Senate • checks & balances • Ratification- Official approval

4. STAR REVIEW • Bill of Rights-1st ten Amendments • People wanted to ensure federal gov’t wasn’t too strong • Nullification-effort by a state to cancel a federal law • Who has more power-states or federal gov’t?

5. STAR REVIEW • Marbury v. Madison-establishes the power of judicial review-judges can declare a law unconstitutional • Monroe Doctrine-warning to European countries not to interfere in the Americas • Missouri Compromise-Agreement that temporarily settled the issue of slavery in the territories • Trail of Tears-forced removal of Cherokees from Georgia to Indian Territory

6. STAR REVIEW • Manifest Destiny-belief that the U.S. would expand across the continent • Commonwealth v. Hunt-court case supporting labor unions • Transcendentalism-philosophy that emphasized the truth to be found in nature & intuition • Abolition-movement to do away with slavery

7. STAR REVIEW • William Lloyd Garrison-abolitionist • Frederick Douglas-escaped slave-abolitionist • Nat Turner-led violent slave rebellion • Elizabeth Cady Stanton-abolitionist & supported women’s rights • Seneca Falls Convention-1848 held to fight for women’s rights

8. STAR REVIEW • Secession-decision by a state to leave the union • Popular Sovereignty-right to vote for or against slavery • Underground railroad-hid runaway slaves escaping to the North • Harriet Beecher Stowe-Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Dred Scott-slave who was taken into free territory by slave owner

9. STAR REVIEW • Reconstruction-period of rebuilding after Civil War • 13th Amendment-abolishes slavery everywhere in the U.S. • 14th Amendment-gave African Americans citizenship • 15th Amendment-Banned states from denying African Americans the right to vote

10. STAR REVIEW • Populism-political movement that sought advancement for farmers & laborers • William Jennings Bryan-1896 Populist/Democratic Pres. Nominee

11. STAR REVIEW • Andrew Carnegie-Giant in steel industry • Vertical Integration-process in which a company buys out its suppliers • Horizontal Integration-companies producing similar products merge • Social Darwinism-only the strong survive, competition, hard work, & responsibility • John D. Rockefeller-head of oil standard company

12. STAR REVIEW • Americanization Movement-program to teach American culture to immigrants • Progressive Movement-social reforms in the early 20th century • Prohibition-sale or use of alcohol illegal • Suffrage-right to vote-major goal of women’s reformers

13. STAR REVIEW • Upton Sinclair-The Jungle-Meat Packing Industry • Theodore Roosevelt-Square Deal-progressive reforms • Howard Taft-follows Teddy Roosevelt as president • Election of 1912-Debs, Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson---Wilson wins

14. STAR REVIEW • Wilson-New Freedom-wanted to attack big business • Clayton Antitrust Act-weakened monopolies & upheld rights of unions & farmers • Federal Trade Commission-investigated businesses-helped enforce laws • Federal Reserve Act-system controlled money supply & made credit more easily available • 19th Amendment-gave women the right to vote-How? WWI-women took an active role

15. STAR REVIEW • Imperialism-strong countries taking over weak countries • Spanish American War=U.S.S. MAINE explodes, Yellow Journalism, DeLome Letter • Open Door Policy-John Hay wanted to protect U.S. trade in CHINA

16. STAR REVIEW • Panama Canal-started under Teddy Roosevelt • Roosevelt Corollary-Extension of Monroe Doctrine-U.S. has the right to protect its economic interests in So. & Central America by force-”BIG STICK POLICY” • Dollar Diplomacy-Right to intervene to protect U.S. interests $$$$$$$$$$$$$ • Wilson-Moral Diplomacy-treaties cooling off periods

17. STAR REVIEW • WWI-Lusitania, Zimmerman Note • Convoy System, Selective Service Act, Conscientious Objector • Great Migration-African Americans migrate North from the South • Fourteen Points-Wilson’s Peace Plan • Treaty of Versailles-Germany gets blamed • League of Nations-weak U.S. not a member

18. STAR REVIEW • Post WWI • Red Scare • Sacco & Vanzetti Case • Palmer Raids • Quota System-limit immigrants that can enter U.S. from each country • Scopes Trial-Trial of John Scopes teaching evolution

19. STAR REVIEW • Harlem Renaissance-African American artistic movement • Langston Hughes-Poet-wrote about the daily life of working class blacks • Zora Neale Hurston-collected folklore of poor Southern Blacks, also wrote novels, short stories, & novels

20. STAR REVIEW • Great Depression • Causes=credit, speculation, buying on margin, uneven distribution of wealth, overproduction/under consumption • Effects= Millions of workers lose their jobs GNP falls dramatically, Thousands of banks fail, increase in poverty, Leads to health & social problems, Global economy suffers

21. STAR REVIEW • FDR’s New Deal =Relief, Recovery, and Reform • “Bank Holiday” • FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) was established that insure all deposits • CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) restored forests, beaches & parks

22. STAR REVIEW • SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) helped regulate the stock market • 1935 – Congress passed the Social Security Act; • Pensions to retired workers or widows • Unemployment to people w/out jobs • Aid to handicapped people

23. STAR REVIEW • WWII • Neutrality Acts= • 1st two acts outlawed arm sales or loans to nations at war • 3rd act also banned aid to nations undergoing civil wars • Cash-and-Carry provision= • Allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms = cash & transported them w/their own ships

24. STAR REVIEW • Lend-Lease Act 1941. • Allows President to provide aid to any nation whose defense is vital to American society • Atlantic Charter: • Affirmed the right of the people to choose their own gov’t

25. STAR REVIEW • F.D.R. ’s Four Freedoms • 1)Freedom of speech and expression • 2)to worship (religion) • 3)from want • 4)from fear • Navajos, “Code Talkers.”

26. STAR REVIEW • D-DAY June 6, 1944 • Allied Invasion to liberate Europe • Operation Overlord • Largest landing of troops by sea in history.

27. STAR REVIEW • Office of Price Administration (OPA): • it kept shortages from sending up prices & rents; causing inflation. • “Cost-Plus” system for military contracts • Gov’t paid costs of development and production plus a % of costs for profit • Wildcat Strikes: Organized by workers, not unions. • Gov’t stepped in passed the Smith-Connally Act of 1943: couldn’t strike

28. STAR REVIEW • FEPC: Fair Employment Practices Committee. • Can’t discriminate because of race/creed/color. • The Bracero Program. “Workers” • Agreement -U.S. & Mexico to have laborers work farms. • Population of Latinos rose on the West Coast • WWII U.S. Gov’t rations goods=

29. STAR REVIEW • Korematsu v. United States • Korematsu was arrested for refusing to report to a relocation camp. • 1988 U.S. gov’t awarded surviving Japanese Americans $20,000 & officially apologized.

30. STAR REVIEW • Cold War: competition between the U.S. & S.U. for power and influence in the world. • United Nations • international peace keeping body. • Containment • The U.S. would try to stop the spread of Communism throughout the rest of the world.

31. STAR REVIEW • The Truman Doctrine • The U.S. wanted to provide aid to Turkey & Greece. • Congress allocates $400 million • The Marshall Plan • U.S. would give European Nations $12.5 billion to rebuild. • Could not be or become Communists. • This opened the door for the U.S. to gain strong trading partners.

32. STAR REVIEW • The NATO Alliance • Collective Security: mutual military assistance • 1st time the U.S. is in a Military Alliance during peacetime. • Cold War has ended U.S. isolationism.

33. STAR REVIEW • 2nd RED SCARE • House on UN-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • HUAC wanted to get rid of Communists in Hollywood. • Senator Joseph McCarthy • Anti-Communist activist • “McCarthyism

34. STAR REVIEW • Cuban Missile Crisis • Oct 14, 1962 Soviets building missile bases in Cuba • Some missiles were ready to launch. • Oct. 24 Naval blockade of Cuba • Kennedy warns the S.U. any missile attack from Cuba = all out attack on S.U. • Oct. 28 Nikita Khrushchev removes missiles from Cuba. • U.S. pledges to not attack Cuba. • U.S. removes missiles form Turkey

35. STAR REVIEW • KENNEDY & LBJ • Kennedy beat out Nixon 1960 election • Won 2 big issues, Civil Rights & Television debates • Kennedy backs Martin Luther King Jr. • The Great Society was LBJ’s program to reduce poverty and racial injustice and to promote a better quality of life.

36. STAR REVIEW • CIVIL RIGHTS • TRUMAN used his presidential power to integrate the ARMED FORCES • Ended discrimination when hiring gov’t employees • Sup. Ct. ruled that A.A. could not be banned from residential neighborhoods

37. STAR REVIEW • NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Plessy Vs. Ferguson • Segregation was legalized • All facilities had to be equal • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka • Ruled that separate schools for white and blacks were unequal and unconstitutional. • Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson

38. STAR REVIEW • 1964 – Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed • Accomplishments: • Banned different voter registration standards • Banned all segregation in public locations • Withheld federal funds to any program or business that practiced discrimination • Banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex & religion by all employers • Created EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) to investigate any suspected discrimination in the workplace

39. STAR REVIEW • LBJ passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Allowed federal official to register voters where local officials refused • Black Panthers-advocated use of force • Wanted African-Americans to have separate communities • Demanded the federal gov. to rebuild ghettos • Black Panthers & SNCC led to a split in civil rights activists

40. STAR REVIEW • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; • LBJ gained control over U.S. affairs in Vietnam • Started escalation=expansion of the war • My Lai Massacre 1968 • Vietnam village killed by order of Lt. William Calley Jr.

41. STAR REVIEW • North & Viet Cong=surprise attacked the South & U.S. military bases • Called the Tet Offensive • U.S. inflicted heavy loses on the Viet Cong • 1) Viet Cong won psychologically • 2) Pres. Johnson was losing support in U.S.

42. STAR REVIEW • Richard Nixon (Republican) becomes pres. • Policy= Vietnamization • Removing U.S. troops & replacing them w/ South Vietnamese troops • Pentagon Papers released • The gov’t had been lying to the people • Gave aid to France

43. War Powers Act • Legislation passed in 1973 restricting the US president's powers to deploy US forces abroad for combat without prior Congressional approval. The president is required to report to both Houses of Congress within 48 hours of having taken such action. Congress may then restrict the continuation of troop deployment despite any presidential veto. • The act was passed over President Richard Nixon's veto, and aimed at restricting the president's introduction of US forces into potentially hostile situations without Congressional declaration of war.