Chapter 20 “The Changing Face of Cities”

1. Chapter 20 “The Changing Face of Cities” Section 3

2. Cities Take on a New Look • Big cities ran out of space in their downtown areas • Planners and architects decide to build up

3. Going Up • The first high rise building was constructed in Chicago in 1885. It was ten (10) stories high.

4. Public Transportation • Traffic jams become a problem as more people are living in cities • Frank Sprague designed the first electric street car system in Richmond Virginia

5. Public Transportation contd. • Street cars ( or trolley) were fast, clean and quiet • In 1897, Boston led the way in building the first underground electric railway

6. Public Transportation contd. • In 1904, New York opened the first section of its subway system • Earlier New York had built an elevated train called the E1. Steam engines pulled passengers cars along overhead tracks.

7. Open Spaces • 1850 Fredrick Law Olmstead planned Central Park in New York City • Other cities followed this model setting aside areas for zoos and gardens so that people could enjoy green grass and trees during leisure time.

8. A New World for Shoppers • In the 1800’s department stores sprang up, selling all kinds of goods in one building • In 1902 R.H. Macy opened a nine (9) story building at Herald Square in New York City • These department stores led to a new pastime, shopping

9. A Passion for Sports • Americans found a great escape through sports

10. Take Me Out to the Ballgame • By the late 1800’s baseball was becoming the nation’s favorite sport • Baseball was first played in New York City in the 1840’s

11. Ballgame contd. • During the Civil War, New York soldiers showed other Union troops how to play the game • At first African Americans played baseball too • In the 1880’s they were barred from playing major league baseball

12. Ballgame contd. • In 1885 Frank Thompson organized a group of waiters into the first black professional team, the Cuban Giants of Long Island • In early baseball pitchers threw the ball underhand • Catchers caught the ball after one bounce

13. Ballgame contd. • Fielders did not wear gloves • High scores were common • One championship game ended with a score of 103 to 8

14. Rough and Tumble Football • Football grew out of soccer, which Americans had played since the colonial times • Players did not wear helmets and were often hurt • In one season 44 college players died from injury

15. An Indoor sport • James Naismith invented basketball in 1891

16. Indoor contd. • He planned to use square boxes, not hoops but the janitor nailed two (2) bushels baskets to the wall • The players tried to throw soccer balls into the baskets • The game caught on and spread to other YMCA’s and then to colleges

17. Other Entertainment • A wide variety of cultural activities spread through cities including music • Generally only the wealthy attended orchestras or symphonies • Vaudeville: a variety show that included comedians, song and dance routines, and acrobats

18. Entertainment contd. • Ragtime: a new kind of music with a lively rhythmic sound • Scott Joplin, an African American composer, helped make ragtime popular

19. Popular Songs • Songwriters and Thomas Edison’s phonograph helped make song recording a popular industry

20. Shared Experiences • Music and other kinds of entertainment brought Americans together • People from different culture sang the same songs and saw the same shows • Traveling groups like acting companies, circuses and Wild West shows spread American culture beyond the cities to small towns everywhere