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Biological/Genetic/Evolutionary Perspective

Biological/Genetic/Evolutionary Perspective. Ancient Conceptions About Mind. Plato correctly placed mind in the brain. However, his student Aristotle believed that mind was in the heart. Aristotle posited body humors that controlled personality. Phrenology.

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Biological/Genetic/Evolutionary Perspective

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  1. Biological/Genetic/Evolutionary Perspective

  2. Ancient Conceptions About Mind Plato correctly placed mind in the brain. However, his student Aristotle believed that mind was in the heart. Aristotle posited body humors that controlled personality

  3. Phrenology In 1800, Franz Gall suggested that bumps of the skull represented mental abilities. His theory, though incorrect, nevertheless proposed that different mental abilities were modular.

  4. Body types • Sheldon • Endomorph: plump (relaxed, social, complacent) • Mesomorph: muscular (assertive, adventurous) • Ectomorph: thin (reserved, anxious, uptight, self-conscious)

  5. Ways into the “black box” ????? • clinical observation • lesion/ablation studies • stimulation studies • EEG • CT, MRI, fMRI • PET scans

  6. Clinical Observation Clinical observations have shed light on a number of brain disorders. Alterations in brain morphology due to neurological and psychiatric diseases are now being catalogued.

  7. EEG

  8. MRI

  9. Limbic System

  10. CORTEX

  11. Eysenck • Introversion/Extroversion • ARAS (Ascending Reticular Activating System) • Extros: low • Intros: high • Geen (1984) study • recent fMRI evidence

  12. BAS/BIS (Gray) • BAS: “gas pedal” reward/pleasure seeking left frontal cortex dopaminergic • BIS: “brake pedal” inhibition, avoidance, caution right frontal cortex serotonergic

  13. Brain Laterality (Davidson) • Left brain/ Right brain (frontal lobes) • Positive emotion states/Negative emotion states • Pleasure, Calm/Anxiety, Depression • e.g., “monk studies” • neuroplasticity

  14. Hormones • Testosterone: a. correlational research b. animal studies c. genetic abnormality • Oxytocin “the love hormone”

  15. Neurotransmitters • Dopamine: reward/pleasure system • Serotonin: anxiety and depression • GABA: inhibitory (emotional stability) • “The Edge Effect” ( Braverman) • Psychopharmacology (Listening to Prozac) • Implications???

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