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The Cell

The Cell. Chapter 3. The Discovery of Cells. Circa 1600 Light Microscope Invented 1665 - Robert Hooke (Page 50) 1675 – Anton Van Leewenhoek (Page 50) Circa 1850 – Development of Cell Theory 1838 – Mattias Schleiden (Page 55) 1839 – Theodor Schwann (Page 55)

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The Cell

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  1. The Cell Chapter 3

  2. The Discovery of Cells • Circa 1600Light Microscope Invented • 1665- Robert Hooke (Page 50) • 1675 – Anton Van Leewenhoek (Page 50) • Circa 1850 – Development of Cell Theory • 1838 – MattiasSchleiden (Page 55) • 1839 – Theodor Schwann (Page 55) • 1858 – Rudolph Virchow (Page 55) • 1950 – Invention of Electron Microscope (Page 51) • SEM • TEM • Micrograph

  3. Two Classes of Cells Prokaryotic (Prokaryotes) • Lacks membrane bound nucleus & many organelles. • Ex. Bacteria & Archebacteria • Earliest in fossil record • 1-10 um in size

  4. Two Classes of Cells Eukaryotic (Eukaryotes) • Has a membrane bound nucleus & many organelles. • Ex. Protists, Fungus, Plants & Animals • 10-100 um in size

  5. Relative Size:Cheek Cell & Bacteria

  6. Cytoplasm: • Clear, thick, jellylike material that keeps organelles in place. • Supports and protects organelles.

  7. Cellular Membrane • Controls movement of materials in/out of cell • Barrier between cell and its environment • Double layer of phospholipids, proteins & cholesterol.

  8. Cellular Membrane • Location: • Plant - inside cell wall • Animal - outer layer –no cell wall

  9. Cytoskeleton • Web of protein filaments & tubes that provide shape and support.

  10. Flashcard Time! Let’s stop, color code those cell parts and make some flash cards!

  11. Nucleus • Controls cell activity. • Contains the hereditary material of the cell (DNA). Nuclear Membrane Chromatin (DNA) Nucleolus

  12. Nucleolus • In center of nucleus. • Makes ribosomes. Nuclear Membrane Chromatin (DNA) Nucleolus

  13. Nuclear Membrane • Lipid membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. • Has pores to let materials out into the cell. Nuclear Membrane Chromatin (DNA) Nucleolus

  14. Flashcard Time! Let’s stop, color code those cell parts and make some flash cards!

  15. Ribosomes • Make proteins by following the directions that come from DNA. • Can be free in the cytoplasm, or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

  16. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Network of tubes or passageways that connect to nuclear membrane. • Carries materials through cell. • Smooth = no ribosomes. • Rough = has ribosomes.

  17. Golgi Apparatus • Packages and distributes proteins

  18. Flashcard Time! Let’s stop, color code those cell parts and make some flash cards!

  19. Mitochondria • Breaks down sugar (glucose) molecules to release energy. • Site of cellular respiration • Found in both animal and plant cells.

  20. Lysosome • Contains digestive enzymes. • Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules. • Digests old cell parts.

  21. Chloroplast – Only in Plants • Uses energy from sun to make food (glucose) for the plant • Process called photosynthesis • Release oxygen

  22. Vacuole – Only in Plants • Store & move materials for cell. • Plants have a large central vacuole which stores water & sugars.

  23. Cell Wall – Only in Plants • Found in Plant, Fungi, and Bacteria cells. • Rigid Outer Layer Made of Cellulose • Supports (grow tall) & Protects Cell

  24. Cell Wall

  25. Flashcard Time! Let’s stop, color code those cell parts and make some flash cards!

  26. Journey Through the Cell! • Nucleus = message on how to make a protein. • Messenger = carries message to ribosome. • Ribosome = gets energy from mitochondria, follows recipe and builds a protein! • Endoplasmic Reticulum = carries protein to Golgi Body. • Golgi Body = Packages protein (creates a vesicle). • Cytoplasm = Vesicle moves through cytoplasm and gets to edge of cell membrane. • Cell Membrane = controls what exits, and allows packaged protein (vesicle) to leave. • Lysosome = But wait!! A golgi body is damaged, so the lysosome goes over to digest it.

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