What is globalisation?

1. Q • What is globalisation?

2. A • The process by which societies become increasingly interconnected

3. Q • What is meant by the term ‘global risk society’?

4. A • A world society in which risks transcend national boundaries

5. Q • Who argued we’re entering a ‘global risk society’?

6. A • Ulrich Beck

7. Q • What do you understand by the term ‘society-centred theories?

8. A • Theories which see the role of the state shaped by wider society

9. Q • Who argues for ‘society-centred theories’?

10. A • Pluralists • Marxists • New Right Theorists

11. Q • What are state-centred theories?

12. A • Theories which see the state as having the ability to act independently from wider society

13. Q • Who argues for ‘state-centred theories’?

14. A • Nordlinger • Skocpol

15. Q • What do you understand by the term ‘fragmented elite model’?

16. A • A model which claims that power is concentrated in the hands of a few elites who compete for influence

17. Q • Which academic supports the ‘fragmented elite model’?

18. A • Budge

19. Q • What do you understand by the term ‘elite recruitment model’?

20. A • This model argues elites are now recruited from all social-classes

21. Q • Who argues for the ‘elite recruitment model’?

22. A • Stanworth & Giddens

23. Q • What three points do New Right theories of the state argue?

24. A • For a free market – on with free and open competition • Reduced interference in the lives of individuals • Reduced state welfare

25. Q • What does David Held argue?

26. A • In a global society nation-states have too little control over their own economies

27. Q • What is partisan alignment?

28. A • Identification with and loyalty to a particular political party

29. Q • What is class dealigment?

30. A • A reduction in class based voting

31. Q • What is political socialisation?

32. A • The process in which individuals learn political values and party loyalty from their parents

33. Q • What do Butler and Stokes argue?

34. A • Partisan and class alignment is due to political socialisation

35. Q • What do Slarvick and Crewe argue?

36. A • They argue the main reason for partisan dealignment is class dealignment

37. Q • Identify one reason for continuing dealignment

38. A • Sanders points out the ideological gap between Labour and Conservatism is continually narrowing

39. Q • What are protective pressure groups?

40. A • Pressure groups whose main aim is to promote a particular cause

41. Q • What are protective pressure groups?

42. A • Pressure groups whose main aim is to protect the interests of their members

43. Q • What are old social movements?

44. A • They’re mainly class based being concerned with material or economic issues such as better working conditions, higher pay, longer holidays

45. Q • What are NSMs?

46. A • New social movements are more concerned with non-material issues. They’re not class based and tend to focus on single issues.

47. Q • Why have NSMs come into existence?

48. A • Giddens’ argues NSMs are a reaction to global risks. As many risks transcend national boundaries traditional protests within national boundaries are inadequate

49. Q • What does Ralph Miliband mean when he argues the media is ‘the opium of the people’?

50. A • He likens the media to a drug which creates an illusion and sense of wellbeing to its audience