Fresh and Saltwater Systems

1. Fresh and Saltwater Systems How water changes our landscapes

2. The Water Cycle • Smart Notebook Activity • Complete Sheet • Water Cycle Dance!! • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/383-water-cycle

3. How Rivers Work • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyXE_Eoq40A&t=262s • Answer the questions in your notes to follow along.

4. Rivers

5. V and U shaped Valleys • _Vertical Erosion__ is the process when water erodes downwards, creating V shape valleys. Downstream, Lateral Erosion takes place, where it erodes materials sideways. This happens in U Shaped valleys. • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/126-erosion-v-shaped-valley • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/66-erosion-u-shaped-valley

6. Things to Know about Rivers • 3 factors that affect stream processes • Volume of Water • Velocity (Speed) of Water • Type of Material • https://youtu.be/ORZQUlk8vxg • How are deserts affected by Flash Floods?

7. Think about it! • Why do rivers meander in prairie areas and not in Mountains? • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/64-meander-formation

8. Think about it! • Does water take a long time or a short amount of time to change a landscape? • Why do Rivers Curve? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a3r-cG8Wic&index=8&list=PLElB7nLNHZvhfuBhJ73p1hnol3e3NBV5n

9. Google Earth • Look for the following features on Google Earth

10. Coursera Video Series • Watch 4 videos on Glaciers. Follow along to get the answers for the fill in the blanks.

11. Glaciers • Glaciers are formed where there is an accumulation of snow over a long period of time.

12. Google Earth • Look for the following features on Google Earth

13. Lakes and ponds → standing water In a pond sunlight reaches the bottom In a lake sunlight does not reach the bottom Wetlands → areas that are saturated with water Rivers and streams → flowing water speed, temperature, clarity varies more dissolved oxygen than in standing water Surface Water

14. Run-off and Erosion • There are many factors that determine whether rain soaks into the ground or runs off – amount of rain, time it takes to fall, slope of the land, amount of vegetation. • All of these things affect how much loss of soil or sediments occurs, called erosion. • As water flows downhill, sediments are eroded and carried downstream where they will be deposited – called deposition. • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/64-meander-formation

15. Think about it! • Why should we monitor sediment loading?

16. Importance of Sediment Monitoring • can carry toxic chemicals from run-off or sediment-borne toxic chemicals • decrease water depth and make navigation difficult. • Sediment can affect the delivery of water – wear out pumps and turbines, etc.

17. Stream Table Demonstration • Write 5 observations from the stream table demonstrations relating to the following scenarios: • Regular Stream Table, Increased Elevation, Increased flow rate • Regular Stream = small pieces, many paths for water to flow • Increased elevation = larger pieces, one main path for water to flow • Increased flow rate = Pools of Water, one main path, more erosion/deposition occurred. • How were they affected by Erosion? Where did the sediment get deposited?

18. Groundwater • Groundwater sits just above bedrock • The top of the layer of saturated soil is called the WATER TABLE • The layer is called the Aquifer • the water table is closer to the surface in wet years… and deeper from the surface in drier years • It is similar to a surface river system… except underground • when a well is drilled pressure forces groundwater to the surface in the well

19. The layer of porous rock in which all pores are full of water forms an aquifer.

20. Oceans – How do they Form • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/674-mid-ocean-ridge • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/227-volcanism • Describe how the Ocean Ridge Works • How do Ocean Trenches form? • Mid Atlantic Ridge in Iceland! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFVCZkWhPE4&feature=youtu.be • Google Earth

21. Layers of Earth

22. Mapping the Ocean Floor • Complete the activity on page 416 • Try to identify the following features: • Continental Shelf • Continental slope • Abyssal Plain • Continental Margin • Ocean Basin

23. How do Tides and Waves Work? • Complete the Tides Postcard Assignment • Use your textbook to get the answers!! • This will be due next class! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ohDG7RqQ9I - How tides work

24. Ocean Circulation • Answer the questions based on the videos • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuGrBhK2c7U (maybe?) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuOX23yXhZ8 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCorkyBe66o

25. Ted ed • How Big is the ocean? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xtgtJTC2go&feature=youtu.be • El Nino (Bill Nye) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19IpzJWSRAc • Concentration Gradients • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xtgtJTC2go&feature=youtu.be

26. El Nino • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6s0T0m3F8s National Geographic • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19IpzJWSRAcBill Nye