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South Coast Air Quality Management District From Lead Battery to Fire Pits. California Desert Air Working Group 2013 Conference November 13-14, 2013 Las Vegas, Nevada Mohsen Nazemi, P.E. Deputy Executive Officer Engineering & Compliance SCAQMD. Exide Battery Recycling News Headlines.
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South Coast Air Quality Management DistrictFrom Lead Battery to Fire Pits California Desert Air Working Group 2013 Conference November 13-14, 2013 Las Vegas, Nevada Mohsen Nazemi, P.E. Deputy Executive Officer Engineering & Compliance SCAQMD
South Coast Air Basin • 17 million residents • 10 million passenger cars; 1.5 million medium and heavy-duty • Nation’s largest freight gateway • Projected population growth by 2035: 4 million • Still one of the worst air quality in country
South Coast Air BasinKey Air Pollutants • Ozone (“Smog”) • Forms from emissions of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons • Fine Particulates (PM2.5) • Form from emissions of particulates, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides • Air Toxics (e.g. Diesel Exhaust) • Directly emitted
Sources of PM2.5* *2014 emission inventory based on PM2.5 formation potential (incl. precursors) ** Includes construction/demolition, farming operations, fires, waste burning/disposal
Sources of Ozone* * Year 2023 emissions – Summer Planning Inventory
Ozone and PM2.5Health Consequences • Premature mortality • Cardiovascular disease • Asthma & other lower respiratory symptoms • Bronchitis • Cancer risks from diesel particulates • Lost work days, school absences, medical costs
Anticipated SCAQMDImplementation Milestones Section 110 plans will be needed for multiple NAAQS in coming years.
Goods movement is a major economic engine, but is also the largest contributor to regional pollutants and local health impacts
West Long Beach
Two-thirds to three-quarters reduction in NOx needed to attain ozone standards Nitrogen Oxides Emissions in 2023 with Adopted Standards Additional Needed Emission Reductions 25 * Source: Ambient ozone modeling conducted by SCAQMD, 2012; final data
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions in 2023 with Adopted Standards(tons per day+) + Draft 2012 AQMP as of May 4, 2012 (preliminary estimates)* Oceangoing vessels = 33.8 tons/day **RECLAIM: 320 largest stationary sources, including all refineries and power plants
Projected Warehousing Growth Undeveloped land zoned for warehousing http://www.scag.ca.gov/goodsmove/documents/Task5_FinalReport_FreightWorks.pdf
Climate Change/ GHG Emissions • State Requirements - AB32 Scoping Plan Update • ARB required to update every 5 years • Federal Requirements – Section 111 GHG Standards • Section 111(b) – EPA Proposed GHG Standards for new CCGTs • Section 111(d) – Considering GHG Standards for existing Power Plants (BSER)
Issues Regarding CAA & Tribal Authority • CAA Section 301(d) authorizes EPA to treat Indian Tribe as a State for various purposes • Recent EPA Proposals for “Treatment as a State” and Separate Non-attainment Area • Pechanga Tribe (Near Temacula) • Morongo Tribe (Banning Pass) • EPA Minor NSR Rule for Indian Country (Effective Sept. 2014)
IES Tire Pyrolysis in Tribal Land(Under Construction) Pyrolytic Converter Thermal Oxidizer APC System
San Onofre Nuclear Generating Stations (SONGS) Shutdown Since Jan. 2012, SCE has shutdown both SONGS Units 2 & 3 due to leaks in radioactive steam tubes Total of 2,200 MW lost – Shortfalls in South Orange County & San Diego SCE announced permanent shutdown of SONGS on June 7, 2013
Reliability of Southern California Grid • Multiple agencies have independent authority/ responsibility • CEC – Power Plant Licensing Authority/ Integrated Energy Policy Report • CAISO – Grid Reliability/ System Balancing Authority • CPUC – Electricity Reliability/ Procurement Authority • SWRCB – Once Through Cooling Policy • CPUC Procurement Loading Order • Energy Efficiency & Demand Response • Renewable Generation • Conventional (NG-Fired) Generation • Track I – Authorized 1,400–1,800 MW in LA Basin & 343 MW in San Diego (2013) • Track IV – Based on Resource needs authorize additional procurement (2013/2014)
Task Force Reliability PlanProposed Approach Procure/ Develop Preferred Resources: Energy Efficiency, Demand Response, Distributed Generation and Storage (3,250 MW) Procure/ Develop Transmission Upgrades Procure/ Develop Conventional (NG-Fired) Generation (3,000 MW) Establish Contingency Plans (Defer Once Through Cooling and/or Build new Conventional Generation)
Task Force Preliminary Reliability Plan for LA Basin and San Diego California Public Utilities Commission California Energy Commission “Contingency plans for fast-tracking additional conventional generation may also be considered as a backstop in the event repowering projects do not proceed, preferred resources do not materialize on schedule or in the amounts required for meeting reliability needs, or in the even identified transmission projects are found to be infeasible or unavailable in a timeframe consistent with OTC policy.” “These contingency plans could also serve to facilitate a more competitive environment for securing the needed conventional generation at least cost to ratepayers.”
AB1318: Assessment of Electrical Grid Reliability Needs and Offset Requirements in the South Coast Air Basin “Given the amount of time required to obtain the necessary approvals to build new power plants, and the expectation that new generation will be required at some point past 2022, the Air Resources Board should partner with the SCAQMD to immediately form a Working Group that will identify options and make recommendations at the earliest practicable date to address long term permitting needs.”
Initial Staff Recommendations on Offsets • Near Term Approach - Proceed to initiate Rulemaking to allow the use of SCAQMD offsets for: • New Greenfield or additions at existing Conventional Generation projects • Permit Modernization Projects (Produce/ Deploy/ Fund Zero or Near Zero Technology) • Long Term Approach – Proceed to address the overall offset requirements relative to PM10 (Federal Attainment / State Law) • Seek a narrow Legislative amendment to State Law (SB 288), if needed, to facilitate the rulemaking to implement the recommended Contingency Plans
Integrated Solutions Air Quality Improvement Needs Climate Change Energy Reliability and Security Transportation & Land Use