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The Medieval Church

The History of Christianity. The Medieval Church. © John Stevenson, 2008. 1. 500. 1500. 2000. 1000. A Timeline of Church History. The Ancient Church. The Medieval Church. The Reformed Church. Leo. Attilla. HUNS. Angles and Saxons. HUNS. Goths. Ostrogoths. Visigoths.

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The Medieval Church

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  1. The History of Christianity The Medieval Church © John Stevenson, 2008

  2. 1 500 1500 2000 1000 A Timeline of Church History The Ancient Church The Medieval Church The Reformed Church

  3. Leo Attilla HUNS

  4. Angles and Saxons HUNS Goths Ostrogoths Visigoths Vandals

  5. Ulfilas310-383 • Missionary to the Goths • Translated the Bible into the language of the Goths

  6. Patrick373-493 • Grew up in England in a Christian family • Captured by Irish raiders and made a slave • Escaped to Europe • Ordained as a priest and bishop • Returned to Ireland as a missionary

  7. Patrick373-493 • The first to speak out unequivocally against slavery • Slave trade in Ireland came to a virtual halt • Ireland became a sender of missionaries to England and Scotland

  8. 672-754 Boniface

  9. How should the church respond to other religions?

  10. Fall of Rome 476 A.D.

  11. While stands the Colosseum, Rome shall stand,When falls the Colosseum, Rome shall fall,And when Rome falls  the world.

  12. Why did Rome fall?

  13. Justinian • Comes to throne in 527 • Theodora • Belisarius & Nike Riots • Retakes Italy, North Africa, and parts of Spain Constantinople 

  14. Hagia Sophia 537 Constantinople 

  15. Hagia Sophia

  16. Justinian • Empire weakened in wars with Persia • Plague ravages Europe Constantinople 

  17. Persian Empire Constantinople • Roman centurion who murders emperor • Persian Shah takes opportunity to invade  Phocas

  18. Persian Empire Constantinople • Leaves Constantinople in the hands of the Patriarch • Invades Persia • Retakes all lands  Heraclius

  19. Mohammad570-632 • Claimed to have a revelation from God • Monotheist • Islam (“Submission”) • Qu’ran (“Recitation”) • Moved to Medina in 622 • Conquered Mecca in 630

  20. ● Mecca

  21. Muslim Restrictions to Christians and Jews • Wear a special mark on their clothing • No proselytizing permitted • No new churches or synagogues could be built • No church bells could be rung • Involvement in politics limited

  22. ● Mecca

  23. Charles Martel • 732 • Tours, France • Muslims halted Battle of Tours

  24. Charlemagne 800 A.D. • Grandson of Charles Martel • Crowned emperor of a united central Europe • Promoted schools and learning • Kingdom divided at his death

  25. Rome East-West Schism 1054 Constantinople ● ● The Bishop of Constantinople shall have the primacy after the Bishop of Rome, because his city is New Rome. ― Canon 3, Council of Constantinople

  26. Rome East-West Schism 1054 Constantinople ● ● Why did the Church Split?

  27. East-West Schism 1054 Western Church Eastern Church Church is over the state State is over the church Pope is the final authority Church council is the final authority Theology is for theologians Theology is for everyone Celibacy demanded for nearly all positions Marriage permitted except for bishop Opposition to icons Veneration of icons

  28. What is Medieval Scholasticism?

  29. 1033-1109 Anselm of Canterbury • Philosopher and theologian • Ontological argument for the existence of God “I do not try to understand in order to believe; I believe in order to understand”

  30. Anselm’s Reasoning for God • God is the greatest thing we can imagine • If God only exists in our thoughts, then there is a greater quality we could attribute to Him ― that of existence • Therefore we would be able to conceive of a Being greater than He really is • But since that is absurd, then God must really exist

  31. 1225-1275 Thomas Aquinas • Dominican theologian & scholar • Brought Aristotelian Logic to Christianity • Summa Theologica: A systematic theology

  32. 1225-1275 Thomas Aquinas God’s Existence Proven by reason Known by faith God’s existence Full knowledge of God

  33. What was the rationale behind the Crusades? The Crusades

  34. Began in 1096 The Crusades • Muslim invasion of Anatolia • Byzantine Emperor Alexios I appeals to Pope Urban II for mercenaries • Urban II’s call to arms • Kingdoms of Jerusalem, Tripoli, Antioch, & Edessa

  35. How have the Crusades impacted our world?

  36. Results of the Crusades • Integration of Arabic learning • Emphasis on the Classics • Weakening of the Byzantine Empire • Growing power of the Christian Church • Intolerance of other faiths • Increased emphasis on indulgences

  37. What are the similarities and differences between the Crusades versus today’s Conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan?

  38. Francis of Assisi 1181-1226 • Served as a soldier • Taken prisoner and a year in captivity • Devoted himself to a life of poverty • Church recognized order of Franciscans & ordained Francis as a deacon

  39. Francis of Assisi 1181-1226 • Travel to Egypt • Pilgrimage of non-violence • Meeting with the Sultan • Permitted to preach to the people

  40. Francis of Assisi 1181-1226 “Let all brothers preach by their deeds.”

  41. What does Francis teach us about how we ought to live?

  42. What is the difference between Christendom versus Christianity?

  43. What do the cathedrals tell us about medieval Christianity?

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