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The Medieval Church

The Medieval Church. Chapter 8 Section 3 Notes. “Age of Faith”. Christian belief was so widespread that the Middle Ages is called the “Age of Faith” Each town had at least one church and this building was not just the site of Mass and the rites of the sacraments –

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The Medieval Church

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  1. The Medieval Church Chapter 8 Section 3 Notes

  2. “Age of Faith” Christian belief was so widespread that the Middle Ages is called the “Age of Faith” Each town had at least one church and this building was not just the site of Mass and the rites of the sacraments – town meetings, festivals, markets and fairs were held here

  3. Medieval Manor Church

  4. Church Integral part of peoples’ lives – daily life revolved around the church Church bells signaled the hours of the day for the entire village Nobles and commoners alike looked to the church for leadership and direction – to become a knight, king or vassal need to take part in religious ceremony In order to support itself, required Christians to pay a tithe (church tax)(a tax equal to 1/10th of their income)

  5. Priests Agents of the Roman Catholic Church Looked to for guidance in all things religious and non-religious (secular) Celebrated mass (worship service), administered sacraments (sacred rites of the Church), preached Gospels, guided people on issues of values and morality, offered help to sick and needy, performed marriages, baptized children and buried the dead And politics – were lords and vassals advised kings and nobles kept records for kings who couldn’t read or write

  6. Existence of God Accepted as fact Ultimate goal of Christian belief was salvation (saving) earned through – following the beliefs of the church, performing good works and living a moral life Through salvation gained entrance into heaven (heaven = place where they would live forever without desires or needs)

  7. Role of Women Men and women equal before God BUT: • Viewed as “daughters of Eve” • Weak and easily led to sin • Needed the “guidance” of men • Ideal woman = modest & pure (like Mary)

  8. Painting of the Monastary at Kells where the book of Kells was written

  9. Spanish Monestary

  10. Monks Devout Christians who felt the world was so wicked that they had to withdraw from it to find a life of peace dedicated to God • Benedictine Rule – created by a monk named Benedict in about 530 (at the Monastery of Monte Cassino) • Rules to regulate monastic life • Used by monasteries and convents across Europe • 3 daily duties: working, studying and praying • 3vows: chastity, poverty and obedience

  11. Monks • Monks talented as scribes hand copied ancient texts preserving the knowledge of the Greeks and Romans (a form of labor) • Often included Illuminated manuscripts • Monasteries were self-sufficient – they had to farm, cook, sew, build, raise animals and produce food • Also worked for the community (charitable tasks) – hospitals for the sick, refuge for the homeless, food for the poor, lodging for travelers and sacraments for the faithful

  12. Nuns • Lived in convents • Could not become priests • Could not say mass or hear confession • Worked with monks to perform a full range of Christian tasks

  13. The Church and Feudal Society Pope = spiritual leader of the Catholic Church Claimed papal supremacy (authority over all secular rulers) Papal States = pope’s feudal land holdings in central Italy Pope and other church officials often feudal lords Churchmen often only educated people – so appointed to high government positions

  14. Canon Law (laws set up by the Church) Church body of laws w/ its own courts applied to religious teachings, the clergy, marriages and morals Anyone who disobeyed faced SEVERE consequences Excommunication – being kicked out of the church Interdict – order to exclude an entire region from the church Tried to use authority to end feudal warfare. . .

  15. Reform Movements Wealth & power ↑ discipline ↓ Cluniac Reforms: Early 900s Abbot Berno of Cluny – set out to end abuses revived Benedictine Rule no longer allowed nobles to interfere in monastery affairs filled monastery with men devoted to religious pursuits

  16. Pope Gregory VII (in 1073) Extended Cluniac reforms to the entire Church outlawed marriages for priests prohibited simony (selling of Church offices) called on Christians to renew their faith Church, not kings or nobles, choose Church officials Said that Pope is ABOVE all kings and nobles

  17. St. Francis of Assisi

  18. Friars Monks who did not live in isolated monasteries but traveled around Europe’s growing towns preaching to the poor Francis of Assisi – preached poverty, humility and love of God – cheerful, confident God would take care of them, loved nature Dominic – set up Dominican order – chief goal was to combat heresy by teaching official Roman Catholic beliefs

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