What is the state of matter inside stars and planets? Plasma physics at highest densities

1. What is the state of matter inside stars and planets?Plasma physics at highest densities WDM PlasmaPhysics@FAIR Plasma in our universe In our universe, almost all (<99%) of the visible matter, including stars and interstellar medium are plasma. Most of the plasma is at low density and can be investigated easily. But the interior of stars, giant planets and also our earth are made of an exotic state of matter, ranging from solid state to dense hot plasma. Interior of our sun Hydrogen at pressures around 300 Mbar and temperatures of 14 million degrees cause atoms to fuse - the ultimate energy source of our galaxy. Can we harvest this source on earth? Giant Planets We have discovered more than hundred planets in other stellar systems. But we don't know how the planets (e.g. Jupiter and Saturn) are built and where the magnetic field comes from. Earth What is the property of iron at pressures of Mbar and temperatures of thousands of degrees? Technique Exploring the equation of state of Warm Dense Matter (WDM) Plasma - the fourth state of matter Red separation line 109 ideal plasma plasma temperature is dominant vastly unknown particle correlation is important. the transition region from "normal" matter to plasma 108 inertial fusion magnetic fusion non-ideal plasma 107 ideal plasma Sun (center) Temperature [K] 106 warm dense matter 105 Lightnings 104 solar corona If you can measure it: its NOT WDM Jupiter 103 non-ideal plasma solid state density human beings 102 If you can compute it: its NOT WDM 1015 1018 1021 1024 1027 1012 Density [particles/cc] Why Heavy Ions? • We must deposit the energy faster than the matter can expand • Lasers can only heat the surface • Heavy ions can heat large volumes in short times homogeneously • Low gradients and background radiation allows for precise measurement • Energy in the ion beam is precisely known • There is a high repetition rate The Hedgehob and WDM Collaborations: >350 physicists, 48 institutions in 15 countries UCLM Ciudad Real U Politecnica de Valencia U Erlangen U Rostock U Bordeaux U de Provence Marseille LULI Paris LBNL Berkeley LLNL Livermore LPI Moscow LOA Palaiseau LANL Los Alamos LPGP Orsay U Princeton U Belfast SNL Sandia U Darmstadt TU München U Tokio (TIT) U Friedrich Schiller Jena IHED Moscow GSI Darmstadt IOFM Shanghai ILE Osaka ITEP Moscow ITMP Sarov U Al-Farabi Kazakh U Czech Technical U Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Greifswald CERN VNIIEF U Ludwigs Maximilian München MPI Heidelberg MPQ Garching MIPT Moscow MISDC Mendeleevo ONU Odessa PALS Prague IPCP Chernogolovka U Johann Wolfgang Goethe Frankfurt KAIST Daejeon KAERI Daejeon KERI Changwon U Milano U of Nevada WIS Revohot