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Psychoanalytic Tradition Sigmund Freud

Dive into the fascinating life and work of Sigmund Freud, the pioneer of psychoanalytic theory, and explore his revolutionary ideas on the unconscious mind, psychic determinism, and stages of psychosexual development. Uncover Freud's tumultuous journey, from his controversial theories to personal struggles, and the enduring impact he has left on the field of psychology.

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Psychoanalytic Tradition Sigmund Freud

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  1. Psychoanalytic TraditionSigmund Freud

  2. The beginnings… • Sigismund Freud • May 6, 1856 • Freiberg, Moravia • theories often a product of the zeitgeist

  3. Freud • Victorian Era • behaving properly • doing good works • sexuality was taboo

  4. Freud • Victorian tendency to “split” • public self • private and secret self • split = neurosis of the day • openly discussed sexuality • offensive to many

  5. Meet the Parents • Amalie Freud (Freud's mother) • eight children • Freud the oldest and her favourite • Freud born out of wedlock? • played a key role in Freudian theory

  6. Meet the Parents • Jakob Freud (Freud's father) • Jewish wool merchant • Freud's views of his father were mixed • Oedipus complex • "sons unconsciously desire to kill their fathers" • Freud's father was married three times

  7. Chronology • 1881-1882 doctor of medicine • research focus (neurology) • psychiatry to make a living and get married • 1884-1885: experiments with cocaine • 18 hour days, 24 Volumes of writing

  8. Chronology • 1886: Marries Martha Bernays • 6 children (3 boys and 3 girls) • one of which was Anna Freud • 1887-1888 : interested in hypnotherapy • abandons in favor of ______________________

  9. Chronology • 1893-1894: with Josef Breuer • "father figure" • helped F get established • Anna O. (Bertha Pappenheim)

  10. Anna O. • Anna - 2 years in therapy • hysterical neurosis • developed the TALKING CURE • by talking Anna's symptoms disappeared

  11. Seduction Hypothesis • origins of hysterical symptoms are in childhood sexual seduction • experiences are repressed

  12. Chronology • 1895: analyze one of his own dreams • Manifest Content • Latent Content

  13. Chronology • Anna Freud born • 1896: first use of term "psychoanalysis“ • starts to develop neurotic symptoms • 1897: begins his self-analysis • 1900: Interpretation of Dreams published

  14. Chronology • 1906: Jung and Freud Correspond • 1909: Journey to America • 1913: Break with Jung

  15. Chronology • 1918: loses his entire fortune • 1923: oral cancer are detected • smoking 20 cigars a day, 33 operations • in pain, continues to work

  16. Chronology • 1930: A heart attack • 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor • Freud corresponds with Einstein • 1938: anti-semitic persecution • Nazis burned Freud's books

  17. Freud’s Death • Sept. 23rd, 1939 dies

  18. Reactions to Freud • The ideas.. • The man…

  19. Tenets of Psychoanalysis • Psychic Determinism • Internal Structure • Psychic Conflict • Mental Energy

  20. Psychic Determinism

  21. Consciousness Preconscious Unconscious

  22. Types of Instincts • sexuality and life instincts : • aggression and death instincts:

  23. Internal Structure • Brain v. Mind • Brain – physical organ • Mind – ID, EGO, SE

  24. Psychic Conflict • Superego – • Ego – • ID –

  25. The ID • ID (translated as "the it") • uncivilized, selfish, illogical, impulsive, pleasure-seeking • at birth, the mind consists entirely of ID • works according to the ___________________________

  26. The Ego • the EGO (translated as the "I") • rational, realistic • reality principle=

  27. Compromise Formation • function of the EGO • balance between demands reality, the ID and Superego

  28. The Superego • moral, perfectionistic (unrealistically) • the superego (translated the "over I") • standards about what is right and wrong • irrationally demanding in its strive for moral perfection • superego consists of two parts: • ego ideal and conscience • ego ideal- • conscience-

  29. Conflict • conflict results in anxiety • realistic anxiety • neurotic anxiety • moral anxiety • To cope… we use defense mechanisms

  30. Mental Energy • Psychic energy of mind is called Libido • Energy is finite • Energy must be vented

  31. Mental Energy • Catharsis Hypothesis

  32. Stages of Psychosexual Development • Libido invested in stages • 0ral • Anal • Phallic • Latency • Genital

  33. Freud’s Theory Believed in moderation… Problems Underinvestment Overinvestment Results in FIXATION

  34. Oral (0 to 18 months) • Erogenous zone: mouth, lips, and tongue • Quality of care giving an issue. • IDEAL: moderate care • trust, given and receive, self-reliance • BAD: too little care • BAD: too much care

  35. Oral Phase • unhealthy development: • oral passive personality • oral aggressive

  36. Anal : (18 months to 3 years) • control over anal sphincters • Parents play a key role in toilet training • How this is handled is crucial… • IDEAL: Moderate praise • healthy development: personal autonomy, independence, initiative without guilt

  37. Anal • children want to become independent. • “ME DO” – learns self-control • Learning the meaning of the word “NO” • “Terrible Twos”

  38. Anal Stage • BAD: too high expectations (too harsh) • BAD: no expectations…. (too lenient) • unhealthy development: • anal-retentive

  39. Phallic (ages 3-6) • complicated and controversial stage • adjustments to opposite sex are made • Oedipus and Electra complex • Males and Females resolve this stage differently. • Superego develops by the end of this stage

  40. Oedipus Complex • Inspired by Greek legend • Oedipus = “swollen foot” • King of Thebes (Oedipus) unconsciously kills father and marries mother • Little boys want to kill their fathers and sleep with their mothers • Can’t happen… so little boys identify with father

  41. Electra Complex • “Penis envy” • “The Love Doctor” did not understand women • “What do women want”? • “The Dark Continent”

  42. Bottom line… • Emerging sexual feelings during stage • Emerging conscience • resolution dictates how you handle sexuality as an adult • Sexual uptight (rigid, guilt-prone, condemning) • Sexually “loose” (phallic personality)

  43. Latency (ages 6-12) • Cooling off period • no localization of libidinal energy • sexual interests replaced by social ones • Sexual drive is “sublimated” to school, hobbies, friends and sports • Weakness of theory • Attraction can occur as early as the 4th grade before sexual maturity

  44. Genital (ages 12+) • marked by the development of emotional ties with member of the opposite sex • Focus outward, instead of inward • Learn to love and work = mental health

  45. Defense Mechanisms

  46. Psychoanalytic • Defense Mechanisms

  47. Different Categories • George Valliant • Mature - sublimation • Neurotic – sexualization • Immature - regression • Narcissistic – distortion • See Kaplan and Sadock

  48. How does this work in therapy? • Two goals… • 1) Gain insight (intellectual awareness) • 2) Change behavior (move aware from repetitive compulsions)

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