ENGL 406 Case Studies in Professional Contexts

1. ENGL 406Case Studies in Professional Contexts Fairy Tales & Movie – Enhance Children’s Proficiency of Learning English Chow Sok In, Venice (10920672T) Ho Lok Yan, Sherell (10918387T) Hung Oi Chi, Gigi (10911718T) Kwok Hoi Yee, Yuki (10918351T)

2. Agenda • Research Question • Rationale • Data Collection Methods • Data Analysis • Data Interpretation • Bibliography • Q & A

3. Research Question • How do sound & moving images and print story book complement each other in maximizing children's comprehension of “The Ugly Duckling”

4. Rationale • Background of the study • Analysis of the question • Why study "The Ugly Duckling"? • Why is this a fairy tale? • Why the YouTube & story book were chosen? • Why not the later part of the story? • Framework • Theory • Justification of our study

5. Rationale • Background - "The Ugly Duckling" • A literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen (1805 – 1875) • About personal transformation for the better • 1st published on 11 November 1843

6. Rationale • Analysis of the question • Why study "The Ugly Duckling"?

7. Rationale • Analysis of the question • Why "The Ugly Duckling" is a fairy tale? Definition of FAIRY TALE (according to Merriam Webster) 1: A story (as for children) involving fantastic forces and beings (as fairies, wizards, and goblins) 2: A story in which improbable events lead to a happy ending ＊“The Ugly Duckling” • No fairies / wizards, but the ducks are personalified • Happy ending: the ugly duckling found its new family - Swans

8. Rationale • Analysis of the question • Why the YouTube video & story book were chosen? → Contrasting effect (extreme comparison) → Minimizing the effect of illustrations → Focus on the comparison of moving images & print story book

9. Rationale • Analysis of the question • Why not study the later part of the story? • Video & Book: Some differences in the later part of the story • In the video: The little bird's ordeal lasts for only a few minutes, not for months • Focus in the beginning part → Fair to compare differences

10. Rationale • Framework • Inspired by Jane Torr – “Multimodal Texts and Emergent Literacy in Early Childhood” • Compare books & pictures • Response on adults • Modified her studies • Compare books & moving images • Response on children • How did children pick up meaning? • From moving images vs. From words

11. Rationale • Theory • Language-based Theory of Learning • “When children learn language, they are not simply engaging in one kind of learning among many, they are learning the foundation of learning itself.” ( Halliday, M. A. K. 1993)

12. Rationale • Learning Theories– The Three Representational Modes • “All information that is perceived via the senses passes through three processors that encode it as linguistic, nonlinguistic, or affective representations.”(Marzano, 1998)

13. Rationale • Justification • Modified the pervious study – Jane Torr • Better understanding of how children learn the world • Offer a better teaching method for adults

14. Data Collection methods • The book • “Fairy Tales” published by Children’s Classics (Hans Christian Andersen) – “The Ugly Duckling” • YouTube • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIstvNMNwd0 • Produced by Walt Disney in 1939 • Won the 1939 Academy Award for Best Short Subject (Cartoons)

15. Data Analysis • “Category such as a noun or a verb can be the product of morphological rules” (Pinker, 1994) • 3 categories: Noun, Verb, Adjective to analyze data

16. Data Analysis • Noun

17. Data Analysis • Verb

18. Data Analysis • Verb

19. Data Analysis • Adjective

20. Data Analysis • Adjective

21. Data Interpretation • In book (linguistic): • Children learn words directly, such as the spelling of nouns - “duck”, “duckling”, “neat”…etc • Sentence making skill • The use of tense, preposition, phrase, punctuation marks

22. Data Interpretation • In moving image(non-linguistic): • Not only learn the characteristics of the images, but concept • A certain mental representation or concept that is associated with a certain form

23. Data Interpretation • Concept learning • Hatching - Little duckling mother sits on the eggs in the nest • Ducklingcracks - The egg cracks and come to life

24. Data Interpretation • Concept learning (Affective) • Cried - To produce tears from your eyes because you are unhappy • Unkind - Not friendly or not thoughtful

25. Data Interpretation • Poor • Having very little money to buy one’s basic needs • Not good or not adequate • Deserving pity or sympathy; unfortunate • Proud • Feeling or showing pride • Feeling that one is better or more important than others • Impose; splendid • Standing out from or extending

26. Conclusion • Texts and moving images complement each other • With linguistic(text), non-linguistic(sound and moving image) and affective (feelings) Children's comprehension of “The Ugly Duckling” enhanced

27. Bibliography • A Big Dog, Little Dog and Knowledge Jump Production. (2009). Learning Theories: The Three Representational Modes. Big Dog & Little Dog’s Performance Juxtaposition. Retrieved July 27, 2011 from http://www.nwlink.com/~Donclark/hrd/learning/theories.html • Angel3025 (2010). 醜小鴨(Ugly Duckling)-YouTube. Retrieved July 4, 2011 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIstvNMNwd0 • Fairy Tale. (2011). Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved July 26, 2011 from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fairy%20tale • Halliday, M. A. K. (1993). Towards a Language-based Theory of Learning: Linguistics and Education • Hans, C. A. (1960). Fairy Tales: The ugly duckling. Germany: GraphischerGroBbetriebPoBneck GmbH. • Hornby, A. S. (1995). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. • Marzano, Robert J. (1998). A Theory-Based Meta-Analysis of Research on Instruction. Mid- continent Aurora, Colorado: Regional Educational Laboratory. • Pinker, S. (1994). The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. New York: HarperCollins.

28. Bibliography • The Ugly Duckling. (2011). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved July 26, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ugly_Duckling • Unsworth, L. (2001). Teaching multiliteracies across the curriculum: Changing contexts of text and image in classroom practice. Buckingham, United Kingdom: Open University Press. • Unsworth, L. (2004). Comparing school science explanations in books and computer-based formats: The role of images, image/text relations and hyperlinks. International Journal of Instructional Media • Unsworth, L. (2008). New literacies and the English curriculum : multimodal perspectives / edited by Len Unsworth Continuum, London :  Continuum.

29. Q & A