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Open and Closed Systems : It’s a MATTER of inputs and outputs

Open and Closed Systems : It’s a MATTER of inputs and outputs. What we know:. A system is two or more individual parts working together for a common function (purpose) that combine to form a whole. We know about inputs and outputs.

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Open and Closed Systems : It’s a MATTER of inputs and outputs

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  1. Open and Closed Systems: It’s a MATTER of inputs and outputs

  2. What we know: A system is two or more individual parts working together for a common function (purpose) that combine to form a whole

  3. We know about inputs and outputs Systems have inputs—things that get put in to make the system function. Systems have outputs—stuff that gets put out of a system, sometimes what they do, and sometimes other things.

  4. Reminder: Inputs • In order to carry out their purpose, systems need an input of some kind of energy. Sometimes they need other inputs of matter (stuff) too.

  5. Remember: Forms of Energy Input • There are lots of kinds of energy. Some common kinds are: • Electrical Sound • Thermal (heat) Light • Mechanical • Nuclear • Chemical (food is one example; a battery is another)

  6. Reminder: Outputs • Outputs from a system can include what they do, energy, information, and any matter (stuff) that comes out.

  7. Remember: outputs can become inputs • Sometimes the output from one system can become the input for another system.

  8. That Brings Us to Open and Closed Systems • We can describe systems as being open or closed.

  9. Open Systems • An open system is a system in which both matter and energy can enter and leave. • What kinds of energy are inputs and outputs for this system? • What kinds of matter are inputs and outputs?

  10. Closed Systems • In a closed system, mattercannot enter and leave. Only energy and informationcan. • What kinds of energy can enter and leave this system? • Why can matter not enter or leave?

  11. Closed can become open; open can become closed • How can systems change? • When their boundary changes, they can become open or closed.

  12. Remember: A boundary is the outside layer or border of a system. • (Boundaries can be actual physical boundaries, like a case or a skin, or imaginary ways to describe something, like the boundary between Washington and Oregon.)

  13. Remember: Boundaries can change • Boundaries can physically change, like when part of a forest is cut down • We can change boundaries when we want to think about just part of a system. For example, a doctor might consider your whole body system to see if you are healthy overall, or just look at your throat if you have a sore throat.

  14. Changing Boundaries Example

  15. Changing Boundaries Example

  16. Changing Boundaries Example

  17. Physical Boundary Change

  18. Physical Boundary Change

  19. Closed can become open; open can become closed • Example: The closed system becomes open when an opening is created in the actual physical boundary.

  20. Closed can become open; open can become closed • Plants are open systems. They have parts to help them survive. They take in lightenergy, plus matter (water and carbon dioxide and minerals) and give out matter (oxygen).

  21. Closed can become open; open can become closed • But if we extend our boundary not just to look at the plant, but the whole mini ecosystem that it is a part of, we are looking at a closed system. • No matter can leave or enter the bottle ecosystem, though light and heat energy can.

  22. Stump a friend • Take a minute and think of an example of a system that is open or closed. Why do you think it is open or closed? • Now, ask your friend about your system. Do they agree or disagree? How can you decide who is correct?

  23. Why use systems? • Because the universe is complex and gigantic. • So, scientists break things into smaller units they call “systems”. That way, they don’t have to try to study everything at once. They can look at it system by system—or systematically.

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