Spheres of the Earth Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere

1. Spheres of the EarthAtmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Weather Dynamics Unit Science 10 Mrs. S. Pipke-Painchaud

2. Hydrosphere • All of the ___________ on planet Earth • “___% of the earth is covered by water and only 29% is terra firma” (University of Florida). • “______ Planet” – water is not found on any other planets in our solar system. • “It is because the Earth has just the right mass, the right chemical composition, the right atmosphere, and is the right distance from the Sun (the “_________" principle) that permits water to exist mainly as a liquid” (U of F). http://ess.geology.ufl.edu/ess/Introduction/Hydrosphere.html

3. The great variety of surface temperatures and pressures allows water to exist in all three states. • Solid = _____________ • Liquid = _____________ • Gas = _________________ • The ________________ contain most of the water (approx. 1.35 million cubic metres) • The ___________ heat capacity of water and the ___________ volumes of water “_________ the Earth surface from large temperature changes such as those observed on the moon” (U of F Hydrosphere). • “Water is the universal _____________ and the basis of all _______ on our Planet” (U of F Hydrosphere). • “Benjamin Franklin to comment[ed] "When the well's dry, we know the worth of water.“” (U of F Hydrosphere). • Source: University of Florida Hydrosphere

4. Hydrosphere Cont’d • Water in the ocean: • Equator = __________ water (like a warm bath) • Near Poles = _________ (can freeze into icebergs) • ETE – Hydrosphere http://www.bigelow.org/shipmates/temperature.html

5. Ocean Temperatures Updated Daily: http://www.wunderground.com/MAR/

6. Antarctic Water Temperatures: http://www.wunderground.com/MAR/

7. Atmosphere • Contains ________, _________, Carbon dioxide and __________ vapour • Extend _____________ km above the surface of the Earth • Climate is determined by the interactions occurring here • _________ protects from UV rays • Source: University of Florida Atmosphere

8. “Since the Industrial Revolution, man has been _______________ the composition of the atmosphere by the burning of ________________” (U of F Atmosphere). • Greenhouse Gases include: (concerns include the rising levels of greenhouse gases) • _______________, _______________, nitrous oxide, and ____________________________ • “these "greenhouse" gases _____________ heat energy emitted from the earth surface and ____________ global temperatures (global warming)” (U of F Atmosphere). • “In addition, chloroflurocarbons are effective at depleting the Earth's ______________ shield that protects the earth surface from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation” (U of F Atmosphere). • Source: University of Florida Atmosphere

9. Greek for _________ sphere ___________ outermost shell of the planet including the crust and upper layers of the mantle. Wikipedia Lithosphere Solid earth Oceanic crust __________________ crust Interior of the earth “___________ percent of the earth is composed of the elements oxygen, _____, silica, and magnesium” (U of F Geosphere). Is always changing (________ _________/ Continental Drift) Source: University of Florida Geosphere Lithosphere (Geosphere) http://ess.geology.ufl.edu/ess/Introduction/Geosphere.html Plates of the Earth: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Tectonic_plates.png

10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tectonic_plates.png

11. Asthenosphere • The ____________ layer under the lithosphere. • Plastic like layer (fluid rock movement) • ________________ km deep into the Earth (or up to 400 km) • The ridged lithosphere __________ on this layer, which conducts heat up to the plates. • Fault lines and breaks occur in the lithosphere because it is _____________. • Source: Wikipedia Asthenosphere

12. Cryosphere • All of the __________ and _________ on earth • Majority of ice is found at the poles • ______________ • _______________ • Giant icecaps in Antarctica and Greenland • _______________ years ago = colder climate = huge ice sheets covered the surface of the earth • Most of North America and ______________ were covered • During the age of the dinosaurs the climate was warm and much of the ice had melted and disappeared. • Earth Floor Cryosphere

13. Biosphere • The “______________ zone” of earth. • Includes all _____________ organisms (all organic matter that has not decomposed.) • _________________ govern the transfer of energy • Producers  Consumers  Secondary Consumers  Tertiary Consumers • U Of F – Biosphere • By looking at the surface of the earth you can readily distinguish the different areas • i.e. deserts, forests • These areas are called __________________. • Earth Floor Biosphere

14. Surface of the Earth from Space - Notice the different colors, which indicated different biomes. Can you identify the desert? Forests? http://www.novaspace.com/POSTERS/PHOTO/FOTE.jpeg

15. To Do . . . • Read over Section 13.8 Hydrosphere • Draw a simplified diagram of the water cycle (be sure to include all of the important terms. • Define any of the terms that you use in your diagram • Complete questions: • Page 524 #s  2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8

16. Sources • University of Florida Earth System Science Program • http://ess.geology.ufl.edu/ess/Introduction/00-Introduction.html • Hydrosphere: • http://ess.geology.ufl.edu/ess/Introduction/Hydrosphere.html • Geosphere: • http://ess.geology.ufl.edu/ess/Introduction/Geosphere.html • Biosphere • http://ess.geology.ufl.edu/ess/Introduction/Biosphere.html

17. Sources Continued . . . • Wikipedia • Lithosphere • http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/spheres.html • Asthenosphere • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthenosphere • Exploring the Environment • http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/spheres.html • Earth Floor Hydrosphere • http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/hydrosphere.html • Earth Floor Cryosphere • http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/biosphere.html • Earth Floor Biosphere • http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/biosphere.html