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Age of Exploration: Europe's New World Ventures

This snapshot of Europe in 1500 reflects humanism, technological advancements, changing nature of war, and the need for new trade routes. Explore Columbus' voyages, conquests of the Aztec and Incan empires, and the consequences of colonization. Discover how European superiority impacted native cultures, the transatlantic slave trade, and the emergence of a global marketplace. Dive into the expansion of trade networks and the triangular trade route that shaped the global economy.

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Age of Exploration: Europe's New World Ventures

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  1. Western Exploration and Colonization

  2. Snapshot of Europe in 1500 • Humanism • Technological adoptions/advances • Change in the nature of war • Need for money • Armies and arms • Closing of the silk road • Conquest of Contantinople (1453) • Need for new route to the East

  3. Early Modern Exploration Columbus (1451-1506) Shorter route to the Orient Misjudged the distance by 400% 1492 landed in the Bahamas Cuba 1493: Hispaniola (DR/Haiti 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas

  4. Columbus’ Voyages

  5. The Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 and the Treaty of Saragossa 1529 Spain Portugal

  6. CantinoPlanisphere (1502)

  7. Hernando Cortés (1485-1547) • Hernando Cortés (1485-1547) • Conquest of the Aztec Empire: 1519 • Supported by native peoples who were enemies of the Aztec empire • Establishment of a feudal kingdom in the new world • encomienda system • Francisco Pizarro (ca. 1475-1541) • Conquest of the Incan Empire: 1531

  8. New World Technology Moray, Old Incan Empire Mayan Glyphs

  9. European Exploration and Colonization of North America

  10. What are the purposes of colonization?

  11. Purposes of Colonization • God? • Gold • silver • Glory? • Territory • Slaves

  12. Consequences of Colonization • Decimation of Native Population • Aztec Empire population declined from 25 million to 2 million in 30 years • Measles • Influenza • Smallpox

  13. Codex Florentinus (ca 1545-1580)

  14. Consequences of Colonization • Widespread belief of European superiority • Wanton destruction of native cultures • Continued need for a source of cheap labour to work mines and sugar plantations • African Atlantic Slave Trade

  15. The Expanding Slave Trade

  16. Consequences of Colonization • Sharing of Cultures and Knowledge • African slaves work in New World mines • African and Native American slaves work in Europe • European men and women find homes in the New World

  17. Consequences of Colonization • New World products available in Europe • SUGAR • Rum • Cocoa beans • Vanilla • Tomatoes • Potatoes

  18. Consequences of Colonization • Emergence of a Global Marketplace • Triangular trade • The Asian triangle • South American silver to Europe and then to Asia for spices, silk, coffee, jewels, jade, porcelain, dyes, fabrics • Tea • By the end of the 18th century,15 million pounds of tea imported annually to England • Dramatic increase in demand for sugar

  19. Triangular Trade

  20. Global Trade Networks

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