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Notes: Parts of the Cell

Learn about the 3 parts of the cell theory, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, cell membrane functions, homeostasis, and more in this detailed review. Explore cell organelles like the nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and more. Uncover the differences between typical animal and plant cells.

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Notes: Parts of the Cell

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  1. Notes: Parts of the Cell Cell Organelles

  2. REVIEW QUESTIONS What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? All organisms composed of cells - cell is basic unit of living things - all cells from pre-existing cells What is a prokaryote? No membrane bound organelles What is an example of a prokaryote? Bacteria What is a eukaryote? Has membrane bound organelles

  3. REVIEW CONTINUED: What are the functions of the cell membrane? Protect the cell – regulates what enters & leaves the cell What is the process of maintaining the cells environment? HOMEOSTASIS What is the property of a cell membrane that only allows certain things in or out? SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY What is the cell membrane’s structure? PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER What is the outer boundary of a plant cell? CELL WALL

  4. Which statement about the cell membrane is not true? A – it helps give the cell its shape B – it is found only in animal cells C – it provides some protection for the cell D – it helps maintain homeostasis

  5. PARTS OF THE CELL – CELL ORGANELLES Nucleus • control center of the cell – contains DNA – gives directions for making proteins

  6. Nucleolus • inside nucleus – makes ribosomes

  7. Chromatin • inside nucleus – strands of DNA

  8. Cytoplasm • clear, gelatinous fluid inside the cell • gives the cell its shape • holds or “suspends” the cell’s organelles

  9. Ribosomes • site of protein synthesis (where protein is made) • can be free floating or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

  10. Endoplasmic Reticulum • large “workspace” inside cell – has “folds” for greater surface area 2 kinds of ER • Rough ER: has ribosomes attached to make protein 2. Smooth ER: no ribosomes attached – other biochemical activities here

  11. Golgi Apparatus • flattened system of membranes – (look like pancakes) • sorts proteins to be sent to correct destination

  12. Vacuoles • function to store materials • plants have a LARGE vacuole – animal cells have smaller vacuoles TYPICAL ANIMAL CELL TYPICAL PLANT CELL

  13. Lysosome • contains digestive enzymes • digests/destroys excess food, viruses, bacteria • also can destroy the cell itself if needed

  14. Plastids • found in PLANTS ONLY • used for storage EXAMPLE: • Chloroplasts • store energy/food • has “folds” for greater surface area

  15. Mitochondria • produces energy for the cell • has “folds” for greater surface area • each type of cell has a different amount of these

  16. Cytoskeleton • cell support structure – gives a “framework” to the cell • composed of MICROTUBULES & MICROFILAMENTS

  17. Cilia • function in movement of the cell or line the cell to move other things • cilia are short, hair like – move in waves

  18. Flagella • functions in movement of the cell • flagella are longer – move like a whip

  19. ANIMAL CELL – PLANT CELL COMPARISON PLANT CELL ONLY ANIMAL CELL ONLY PLANT & ANIMAL CELL ALL OTHER ORGANELLES CENTRIOLE CELL WALL PLASTIDS (EX: chloroplast, leucoplast) LARGE VACUOLE

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