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Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781. Oil, John Trumbull.

Colonization to Revolution, Beginnings–1783. Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans come together in the Americas. American colonists revolt against English rule. Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781. Oil, John Trumbull. NEXT. Colonization to Revolution,

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Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781. Oil, John Trumbull.

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  1. Colonization to Revolution, Beginnings–1783 Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans come together in the Americas. American colonists revolt against English rule. Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781. Oil, John Trumbull. NEXT

  2. Colonization to Revolution, Beginnings–1783 SECTION 1 Three Worlds Meet SECTION 2 The English Colonies SECTION 3 The American Revolution NEXT

  3. Section 1 Three Worlds Meet Native American, European, and African cultures come together in the Americas. NEXT

  4. SECTION 1 Three Worlds Meet The First Americans • 12,000 years ago, the first peoples migrate to America • Many societies develop in the Americas • By 1500, there are hundreds of cultural groups in North America Map Societies of West Africa • Kingdom of Ghana prospers from 700s to mid-1000s by controlling the trade of gold and salt. • By 1200s, kingdom of Mali becomes most powerful state • By mid-1400s, Songhai people begin their own empire NEXT

  5. SECTION 1 Societies of Europe • Feudalism—lords use king’s lands and, in return, are loyal to king • By 1000s, feudal system characterizes most of Europe • During 1300s, feudal system weakens and kings become stronger • Renaissance (1300—1600)—time of increased interest in learning NEXT

  6. SECTION 1 European Exploration • Vasco da Gama finds all-water route from Europe to Asia Interactive • Explorer Christopher Columbus sails west, lands in America in 1492 • • Brings back geographic knowledge that changes European views • European countries were looking for an all-water route to Asia so they could have part of the spice trade. Pepper was one of the most profitable trade items shipped to Europe. NEXT

  7. SECTION 1 Competition for Empire • Europeans explore to spread Christianity to people including Native Americans by building missions, expand empires, become rich • Conquistadors (soldiers) explore Americas in 1500s, claim for Spain • England, France, Netherlands explore and colonize the Americas • The movement of living things traded between hemispheres—Columbian Exchange (see next slide) • Spanish establish missions—settlements—in Americas • Slavery in America begins in 1600 to provide labor; because Native Americans quickly died from overwork and disease. NEXT

  8. Section 2 The English Colonies Britain establishes a group of diverse colonies in North America. NEXT

  9. SECTION 2 The English Colonies Jamestown • Jamestown (1609)—first permanent English settlement in Americas • • Colonists face hardships; at least half the people died; but colony still survived; • earn profits from tobacco farming; colony NOT founded for religious reasons • House of Burgesses first representative assembly in American colonies. It was a form of self government. • Assembly gives more local control to colonists NEXT

  10. SECTION 2 New England Colonies • Pilgrims sail to Massachusetts in 1620 Image • Pilgrims—religious group that separated from Church of England ;Plymouth was formed for religious reasons Image • Agree to obey laws for good of colony— They sign the Mayflower Compact which was a form of self government. The Plymouth colonists faced many hardships and at least half of them died. • 1,000 Puritans arrive in America in 1630 • Puritans—religious group wanting to “purify” the Church of England • Growing population of colonists conflict with Native Americans NEXT

  11. Know this information for the test!

  12. SECTION 2 Middle and Southern Colonies • Middle colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware Map • Dutch settle colony of New Netherlands (1624); renamed New York • William Penn creates colony for Quakers, region called Pennsylvania • Between 1607 and 1732, southern colonies are founded • Southern colonies: Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, and Georgia NEXT

  13. SECTION 2 Colonial Economies • New Englanders survive through subsistence farming, fishing • Middle colonies grow cash crops • Southern colonies grow plantation crops; use enslaved African labor • Triangular Trade—trade goods for slaves, then trade slaves for goods • By 1750, over 235,000 enslaved Africans are in America Chart • They endure hardships, resist slavery in different ways NEXT

  14. SECTION 2 “The Growth” of Representative Government • Magna Carta (1215) played a part by granting rights to English noblemen and freemen Image • Includes right to elect representatives to government • The Glorious Revolution played a part. During this, the English Bill of Rights were upheld by William and Mary and American colonists were quick to claim these rights. The English Bill of Rights played a part in the growth of representative government. • American colonists form representative assemblies (although British controlled them) • British rulers William and Mary uphold the English Bill of Rights • American colonists claim these rights NEXT

  15. SECTION 2 The French and Indian War • British and French compete over fur trade in French-claimed territory • French and Native Americans destroy British trading posts; start war • French and Indian War (1754—1763)—British defeat French and Canada was passed from France to Britain. Interactive Test hint: France did NOT gain control of British colonies and the border between French and British territory was not agreed upon. France LOST everything!!!! • Treaty of Paris ends French power in North America NEXT

  16. Section 3 The American Revolution The American colonists fight to gain independence from Britain. NEXT

  17. SECTION 3 The American Revolution Tighter British Control • To pay off debts, British Parliament taxes American colonists heavily • Sugar Act (1764)—tax sugar, other products; colonial leaders protest Interactive • Stamp Act (1765)—require official stamp on documents; more protests • Parliament repeals Stamp Act in 1766 NEXT

  18. SECTION 3 Colonial Resistance Grows • Townshend Acts (1767)—suspends New York’s assembly; tax goods • In protest, colonists boycott British goods • Youths and British soldiers fight, 5 civilians killed—Boston Massacre Image • British repeal Townshend Acts but pass Tea Act (1773) • Colonists protest by destroying 342 chests of tea at Boston Tea Party Image NEXT

  19. SECTION 3 The Road to Lexington and Concord • Britain punishes colonists by passing strict Intolerable Acts (1774) • First Continental Congress bans trade with Britain, calls on each colony to train troops • Colonists fight British troops at Lexington and Concord; start war Image NEXT

  20. SECTION 3 Declaring Independence • George Washington becomes the commander of the Continental Army • British soldiers and colonists fight at Bunker Hill (1775) Map • Political leader Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence Image • Declaration of Independence states that people have unalienable rights • July 4, 1776, Continental Congress adopts Declaration of Independence NEXT

  21. SECTION 3 The Early Years of the War • 20 to 30 percent of Americans are Loyalists— supporters of Britain • 40 to 45 percent are Patriots—supporters of the Revolution • In late 1776, Washington and his troops retreat • Washington’s troops defeat British allies at Trenton and Princeton Map • British defeated at Battles of Saratoga; turning point in war Map NEXT

  22. SECTION 3 The War Expands • France forms alliance with United States; sends funds, supplies, troops • Washington and troops endure harsh winter (1777—1778) at Valley Forge Image • American privateers capture hundreds of British merchant ships NEXT

  23. SECTION 3 The Path to Victory • British take control of Georgia, Charles Town (Charleston) Interactive • Surprise attacks weaken British hold on southern colonies • American and French defeat British at Yorktown (1781) • Treaty of Paris of 1783—ends war, United States gains independence NEXT

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