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WORLD WAR I

WORLD WAR I. The Spark: Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. Allied Powers Belgium Serbia England Russia France Later Italy, and U.S. and Japan BSERF. Central Powers Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Germany Austria-Hungary BOGA. The Teams . The Coaches.

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WORLD WAR I

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  1. WORLD WAR I

  2. The Spark:Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

  3. Allied Powers Belgium Serbia England Russia France Later Italy, and U.S. and Japan BSERF Central Powers Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Germany Austria-Hungary BOGA The Teams

  4. The Coaches Central Powers Franz Joseph, A-H Wilhelm II, Germany Allied Powers Czar Nicholas II, Russia, George Clemenceau, FR David Lloyd George, GB Woodrow Wilson, US

  5. Playing Field

  6. Eastern Front Mostly in Russia, along the German/Russian border More mobile Battle lines changed often (fluid) Western Front Mostly in France, along German/French Border Trench Warfare Stalemate – deadlock, where neither side gains an advantage War of Attrition – no quick victory; each side tries to wear the other side down Playing Field

  7. German Plans to Attack France

  8. German Plans to Attack France

  9. 1st Play: Schieffen Plan • Schlieffen Plan – war plan for Germany, created by Alfred von Schlieffen • Plan to avoid a two front war • Attack France through neutral Belgium • Defeat French in 6 weeks before Russia can mobilize • Turn and fight Russia • Problems: • Heavily fortified areas in Belgium • Strong resistance from France • Russia mobilized quicker • Britain attacked from the north

  10. 1st Game: Battle of the Marne • German’s advance into France • Pushed back by French at Marne • Stalemate and Trench Warfare begin • Ends Schlieffen Plan

  11. Which of the following correctly represents the Allied Powers • Austria-Hungary, Italy, Germany, • Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Belgium • Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary • Russia, France, Great Britain, Germany

  12. Which of the following describes the fighting on the western front? • Trench warfare, Stalemate • Mobile, Changing Battle lines • Fought primarily in Russia • Fought primarily in France • Both 1 and 4 • Both 2 and 3

  13. Which of the following describes the Schlieffen Plan and its failure? • France’s plan to defeat Germany quickly; Belgium mobilized to quickly • Germany’s plan to avoid a two front war; Russia mobilized too quickly • Austria-Hungary’s plan to attack Serbia; Russia mobilized too quickly

  14. Trench Warfare

  15. Diagram of the Trenches

  16. Trench System

  17. Do you think we have enough food and supplies to outlast them? Do you think we have enough food and supplies to outlast them? No-Mans land These lines haven't moved for a year! These lines haven't moved for a year! French soldiers firing over their own dead All Quiet on the Western Front – trench warfare (9:27)

  18. Battle of Verdun German attack on French Longest battle of WWI (300 days) Total casualties – 700,000 No clear winner Stalemate

  19. Battle of Somme • British/French surprise attack against Germans • British losses 1st day – 60,000 men • Total Casualties – 1Million+ • No clear winner • Stalemate

  20. 1st Game Eastern FrontBattle of Tannenberg • Russia vs. Germany • Russian Advantages • Largest army (15:1 ratio Russian to German) • Not well trained • Lacked weapons • Russian Disadvantages • Least industrialized • Lack of Modern Technology • Who won?

  21. Battle of Gallipoli

  22. Battle of Gallipoli • Britain’s (Winston Churchill) Game Plan : • Open supply route to Russia • Capture Dardanelle Straight gaining access to Black Sea • Eliminate the Ottoman Empire from the war • Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire – promised land by A-H to defend Dardanelle’s at all cost • Allies fail

  23. Dogfights

  24. U-Boat

  25. Poison Gas

  26. Tanks

  27. Trenches

  28. America Enters WWI

  29. America Neutral? Not our war Businesses could sell to both sides Recent immigrants from both sides

  30. Reason for US Entry • Sinking of the Lusitania • Zimmerman Note • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

  31. Sinking of the Lusitania • German u-boat torpedoes British passenger ship off Irish coast • 1200 die, 128 Americans

  32. Zimmerman Note • Note from German Foreign Minister to German Ambassador to Mexico • Convince Mexico to go to war against US • Mexico to gain territory lost in Mex-Am War • Prevent U.S. from joining war in Europe

  33. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • German u-boats sink military, passenger, and merchant ships on sight • 4 US ships sunk between Jan-Mar 1917 • US declares war: April 2, 1917

  34. US Entry into WWI

  35. AmericaPrepares for War

  36. America At War American Expeditionary Forces “Dough Boys” http://www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthere.htm

  37. End of War • Second Battle of the Marne (7/18) - Last Major German Offensive • Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates • Armistice – Agreement to end fighting 11:00am 11/11/18

  38. Global War • Resources and soldiers from colonies • Fought in Asia and Africa - Allies gained German colonies • British get help from Middle East colonies of Ottoman Empire conquered the Ottoman’s – expected independence at war’s end

  39. Lives Lost Russia 1,700,000 France 1,357,000 Great Britain 908,000 United States 130,174 Germany 1,800,000 Austria 1,200,000 Diseases, hunger, and other war-related causes 20,000,000 Mangled 6,000,000

  40. Wilson’s Fourteen Points Three Goals: Ensure lasting peace Right to choose government League of Nations – International body of representatives from each country with the purpose of maintaining peace

  41. Paris Peace Conference • 5 Separate Peace Treaties known as the Peace of Paris • Each Central Power Country signed a separate peace treaty • Central Powers not invited • Big 4 Allied Powers – Great Britain, US, France, Italy

  42. Germany got a R.A.W. Deal R.eparations – payments to victors for war damages ($33B) A.llied Punishments De-militarized Germany Took Germany’s colonies Gave Alsace Lorraine to France Took Saar Basin (coal supplies) Took Rhineland (buffer zone) W.ar Guilt – Germany had to accept total blame for the war Treaty of Versailles R. A. W.

  43. Map of Europe Redrawn

  44. League of Nations Formed • United States didn’t join • Congress feared it would drag us into another war • Weakened the power of the League of Nations • No power to enforce its decisions

  45. WW ICausesWW II

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