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Mendelian Genetics: Laws, Terminology, and Problems

Learn about Mendelian genetics, including Mendel's laws of heredity, terminology, and genetic problems. Explore dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, and the law of independent assortment.

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Mendelian Genetics: Laws, Terminology, and Problems

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  1. Hand in W.S. “The Puzzle of Heredity” before the bell rings please Chapter 7 Test Chapter 8 – Mendelian Genetics Mendel’s laws Terminology Genetics Problems “The most effective way to cope with change is to help create it.” L.W. Lynett To learning about Mendelian genetics. Title: Biology 1/30/07 Class Topics Objectives: Wednesday, October 23, 20194:20 PM

  2. Class Assignments What By When • Read 166-170 1/30/07 • W.S. “The Puzzle of Heredity” 1/30/07 • Chapter 8 Quiz 1 2/1/07 • Genetics Problems 2/5/07 • Due this class period • Due next class period • Due in the future

  3. Grade Sheet 2A – p. 157 (5 pts.)

  4. Chapter 7 Test • You will get your test back and be given 20 minutes to adjust any answers. • Hand in test when completed • Begin working on the Math Lab (in your notebook) on page 165

  5. Math Labp. 165 • “Calculating Mendel’s ratios” • Copy the table • Calculate the ratio • State the ratio in words and then as a fraction • Answer the final question

  6. Mendel’s Theory • Historical perspective • Heredity was thought of as a blending of the two parents • Mendel determined that there were two separate “heritable factors” for each trait • Factors are called alleles (book says genes)

  7. Mendel’s hypothesis • 1. For each inherited trait, an individual has two copies of the gene – one from each parent. • 2. There are different versions of genes. • Alleles • Receive one from each parent

  8. Mendel’s hypothesis • 3. Dominant allele • Can mask the presence of another allele • Expressed whenever present • Represented by a capital letter • recessive allele • Can be masked by the presence of a dominant allele • Only expressed when contrasting allele is not present • Represented by a lowercase letter (same letter as dominant)

  9. Laws of heredity • Law of segregation • The two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed • Law of independent assortment • Different genes separate independently from one another during gamete formation • Assuming they’re on different chromosomes • Used in a dihydrid cross

  10. Genotype • The alleles for a trait • Consider the trait “Seed color” • Dominant - Yellow seeds (Y) • Recessive - Green seeds (y) • Homozygous dominant (true breeding) • YY • Heterozygous (hybrid) • Yy • Mixed pair of alleles • Homozygous recessive (true breeding) • yy

  11. Phenotype • The physical appearance of a trait • Tall or dwarf plants • Round or wrinkled seeds • Yellow or green seeds

  12. Mendel’s Cross • Cross a purebreeding smooth pod shape with a pinched pod shape • P • F1 • Pheno • Geno • F2 • Pheno • Geno

  13. Practice problem • Using the trait of flower position, cross a hybrid with a purebreeding terminal. • P ___ x ___ • F1 • Pheno • Geno

  14. Practice problem • Tall is dominant over short; cross a homozygous dominant with a heterozygous • P ___ x ___ • F1 • Pheno • Geno

  15. Chapter 8 Quiz 1 Review • Matching • Alleles, Dominant, Gene, Genetics, Genotype, Heredity, Homozygous, Heterozygous, Hybrid, Independent assortment, Phenotype, Recessive, Segregation,Trait • Mendel’s traits • Mendel’s success • Genetic symbols • Mendel’s cross

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