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Terminology

Terminology. Scarlett Smith. Anatomical Position. Known as the “starting position” . The body is upright and facing forwards with arms at the side and palms facing forwards and thumbs o ut. Anatomical Planes. Planes of the body: Frontal Plane: vertical, extends from

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Terminology

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  1. Terminology Scarlett Smith

  2. Anatomical Position Known as the “starting position” . The body is upright and facing forwards with arms at the side and palms facing forwards and thumbs out.

  3. Anatomical Planes Planes of the body: Frontal Plane: vertical, extends from one side of body to other. Ex: performing a cartwheel Median (Sagittal) Plane: vertical, extends from front to back of body. Ex: bending over to touch toes Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: divides body into upper and lower parts. Ex: swinging a bat in baseball

  4. Anatomical Axes • Horizontal Axes: extends from one side of body to the other • Longitudinal Axes: runs from head to toe dividing the body in half vertically • Antero- posterior Axes: extends from front to back of the body

  5. Flexion/Extension • Flexion: bending joint to decrease angle • Ex: Knee is bent • Extension: straightening joint to increase the angle • Ex: straightening joint at the elbow flexion extension

  6. Terms of Direction and Body Position • Proximal: towards the attachment point of the limb and the body • Distal: farther away from attachment point of the limb and the body • Superior: upward surfaces • Inferior: downward surfaces • Posterior: toward the back of the body • Anterior: toward the front of the body • Lateral: away from the midline • Medial: towards the midline

  7. Abduction/Adduction • Abduction: movement of body part away from center of the body • Ex: moving arm away from body • Adduction: movement of body part towards your body • Ex: bringing arm towards your center Abduction Adduction

  8. Internal/External Rotation • Internal: turning a limb so that it is going towards the midline of the body • Ex: pointing the toes inward to the center of your body • External: turning a limb so that it is going away from the midline of the body • Ex: pointing the toes outward away from the center of your body

  9. Circumduction • Making a circular motion involving flexion, extension, abduction and adduction • Ex: making circles with your arm

  10. Supination/Pronation • Supination: Inward “roll” or motion of the foot or hand so that the foot moves inwards or the palm is facing forward • Pronation: opposite of supination, the outward roll or motion

  11. Protraction/Retraction • Protraction: moving in a forward direction • Retraction: moving in a backward direction • Ex: moving shoulders forward (pronation), moving shoulders backward (retraction)

  12. Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion • Dorsiflexion: movement of the ankle so that the angle between the foot and shin is decreasing • Plantar Flexion: movement of the ankle so that the angle between the foot and shin is increasing • Ex: pointing toes toward head (dorsiflexion), pointing toes toward ground (plantar flexion)

  13. Eversion/Inversion • Eversion: raising the foot up so that the sole of the foot is turned outward • Inversion: raising the foot so that the sole of the foot is turned inward • Ex: standing on the inner edge of your foot (eversion), standing on the outer edge of your foot (inversion)

  14. Elevation/Depression • Elevation: the movement of raising up • Depression: the movement of pulling down • Ex: hunching your shoulders (elevation), slouching your shoulders (depression)

  15. Opposition/Reposition • Opposition: when the thumb contacts one of the other fingers • Reposition: when the thumb returns back to the “starting position”

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