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IMPLEMENTATION

IMPLEMENTATION. (ALIAS: “PARTY TIME”). Three Phases of Implementation. Install Activate Institutionalize. Conversion and Information Systems Components. Hardware Software People Procedures Data. Conversion Strategies. Old System. Parallel. New System. New System. Old System.

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IMPLEMENTATION

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  1. IMPLEMENTATION (ALIAS: “PARTY TIME”)

  2. Three Phases of Implementation Install Activate Institutionalize

  3. Conversion and Information Systems Components • Hardware • Software • People • Procedures • Data

  4. Conversion Strategies Old System Parallel New System New System Old System Cutover Old System New System New System Old System

  5. Conversion Strategy Advantages & Disadvantages Conversion Strategy: Cutover 1. No duplication of effort for the users 2. No transition costs 3. Learning advantage for groups converted later 1. High risk 2. Cannot compare results with the old system 3. Sense of user insecurity + -

  6. Conversion Strategy Advantages & Disadvantages Conversion Strategy: Parallel 1. Low risk 2. Sense of user security 3. Ability to compare results with old system 1. Duplication of effort for users 2. Transition costs 3. Additional processing strain on the computer + -

  7. Implementation Meets With Resistance Install Activate Institutionalize

  8. Failure Perception Technology Infrastructure Human Factors Failure Reality Human Factors Infrastructure Technology (Note: Bars in both graphs are not to scale; representative only)

  9. Information Systems Management Responsibility User Management Responsibility Users must stay involved and be prepared to use the new system The system must be prepared and meet the user specification Convergence with both user and system being ready at the same time PROBLEM: When either track is ready ahead of the other track. Information Systems Development Parallel Tracks

  10. Implementation Critical Success Factors • User commitment • Organizational trust • Open communication • Financial commitment • Common view of the development strategy

  11. Stages of Organizational Change and their Relationship to Implementation Implementation Phases Organizational Change Phases • Unfreezing • Moving • Refreezing • Install • Activate • Institutionalize (Adapted from: Lewin, K., Field Theory in Social Science, Harper & Row, New York, 1958.)

  12. Action Research & Force Field Analysis • Action Research: A method for identifying the data associated with the degree of conflict or resistance in a business’s environment and then dealing with it in a real-time manner. • Force Field Analysis (Tool/Form): A tool used to identify an individual’s perceived positive and negative aspects about some current or pending organizational change.

  13. Force Field Analysis Tool Blank Force Field Analysis Form Restraining Forces (Negative) Driving Forces (Positive)

  14. Completed Force Field Analysis Form Restraining Forces (Negative) Driving Forces (Positive) industry std. dept. std. better support site license new software etc... etc... learning curve DOS programs machine slow more memory etc... etc... etc... total = Y inches total = X inches

  15. Party On, Dude!

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