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Demography of the Middle East

Demography of the Middle East. John Bongaarts Population Council. Middle East Region. Outline. Population growth and consequences Age structure changes: youth “bulge”, labor force growth Why population growth continues Population policy options. Adverse Effects of Rapid Population Growth.

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Demography of the Middle East

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  1. Demography of the Middle East John Bongaarts Population Council

  2. Middle East Region

  3. Outline • Population growth and consequences • Age structure changes: youth “bulge”, labor force growth • Why population growth continues • Population policy options

  4. Adverse Effects of Rapid Population Growth • Environmental: Degradation of natural resources (land, water), pollution • Economic: Low wages, poverty, slow growth • Governmental: Lagging investment in education, health services and infrastructure • Political Growth of political extremism and anti-Western sentiments

  5. 2) Age structure changes: youth “bulge”, labor force growth

  6. 3)Why population growth continues

  7. Why population growth continues in the developing world • Fertility remains relatively high • Declining mortality • Population momentum due to a young age structure

  8. 4) Population policy options

  9. Past response to concern about population growth Implement family planning programs to: • Provide access to and information about contraception • Reduce unmet need for contraception

  10. Causes of growth Policy options 1) High fertility - Unwanted • Strengthen family planning programs - Wanted • Invest in human capital 2) Declining mortality 3) Momentum of population growth • Delay childbearing

  11. Conclusions • ME population is expected to double by 2050 • Substantial environmental, economic and political consequences • Policy options available: - strengthen family planning programs - invest in human capital - address needs of the young

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