The Cold war gets complicated

1. The Cold war getscomplicated Standard 7-5.4

2. 1. Korean War • The Korean Conflict was a “hot” portion of the Cold War but the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. never actually fought each other. • After the Japanese were driven out, the Korean Peninsula was divided at the 38th parallel- the North was Communist. • The Korean War began in 1950 when the North invaded the South. • The United States supported the South. • U.S.S.R. and China supported the North • The war ended in stalemate in 1953. A cease-fire was enacted and the border between North and South Korea was made a demilitarized zone (DMZ). Korea is STILL DIVIDED.

3. 2. The Berlin wall rises • Europe was unofficially divided into Eastern and Western zones. • Eastern Europe was communist and under Soviet Control. According to Churchill, the people were living “behind the iron curtain” of communism. • Living conditions were very different for East and West. • Easterners had a lack of consumer goods to purchase and a lower standard of living • Defections were illegal but not uncommon. The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 as a way to stop defections.

4. 3. The War in vietnam • Vietnamese nationalists and communists, led by Ho Chi Minh, challenged the French imperial leadership of Indochina. • The United States supported the French but the French lost in 1954 and Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel- the North was Communist, the South was not. • Ho Chi Minh invaded the South and the President Johnson of the U.S. immediately came to their aid! • American troops fought the North Vietnamese AND South Vietnamese Communists (the Vietcong) who used guerilla warfare to defeat the U.S. • Vietnam was united under one communist regime in 1975.

5. 4. Cuban Missile Crisis • The Cuban Missile Crisis was a nuclear showdown between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. • An American spy plane took pictures of nuclear missiles being assembled on Cuba. • President Kennedy implemented a naval blockade of Cuba. • Talks between Kennedy and Khrushchev went on for 2 weeks while U.S. citizens anticipated nuclear annihilation. • The talks ended with both sides making concessions. • The Soviet Union removed its missiles from Cuba. • The United States removed its missiles from Turkey.

6. 5. The Space Race & The Arms race • The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. also competed for power with their space and arms races. • Each side built up nuclear weapons and created hydrogen bombs that were more powerful than the atomic bomb. • In 1957, the Soviets became the first country to launch a space satellite- Sputnik • In response, the United States created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). • The United States was the first to land on the moon.