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CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES

CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES. U.S. IMPERIAL POWER. Conquest and incorporation Formal colonization Informal “spheres of influence”. STRATEGIES FOR POWER. Mexico Conquest and incorporation Military intervention Political and economic pressure Central America and Caribbean

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CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES

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  1. CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES

  2. U.S. IMPERIAL POWER • Conquest and incorporation • Formal colonization • Informal “spheres of influence”

  3. STRATEGIES FOR POWER • Mexico • Conquest and incorporation • Military intervention • Political and economic pressure • Central America and Caribbean • Colonization (Puerto Rico, Panama?) • Dollar diplomacy and “sphere of influence” • Military intervention (Dominican Republic, Panama, Haiti) • Cuba • Military intervention, occupation (1898-1902) • Quasi-colony (Platt Amendment, 1902-33) • Sphere of influence (1934-59) • Attempts at overthrow (1959- )

  4. U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTIONS, 1898-1933 • Costa Rica 1921 • Cuba 1898-1902, 1906-1909, 1912, 1917-1922 • Dominican Rep 1903, 1904, 1914, 1916-1924 • Haiti 1915-1934 • Honduras 1903, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1919, 1924, 1925 • Mexico 1913, 1914, 1916-1917, 1918-1919 • Nicaragua 1898, 1899, 1909-1910, 1912-1925, 1926-1933 • Panama 1903-1914, 1921, 1925

  5. Defining the Challenge • Establishing sovereignty • Articulating national interests • In the wake of colonial rule (and war) • Negotiating international arena • Confronting the United States

  6. STRATEGIC OPTIONS • Collective unity (“the Bolivarian dream”) • Extra-hemispheric protection • Regional hegemony • International law • Cultures of resistance • Alignment with the United States

  7. OPTIONS IN ACTION: MEXICO • Collective unity (as leader of Latin America) • Regional hegemony (in Central America) • International law (re sovereignty) • Cultures of resistance • Alignment with United States (NAFTA)

  8. CENTRAL AMERICA + CARIBBEAN • Central America • Collective unity (unification) • Cultures of resistance • Alignment with USA • Caribbean • Extra-hemispheric protection (Europe) • Cultures of resistance • Alignment with USA

  9. CUBA • Cultures of resistance + revolution • Extra-hemispheric protection • Collective unity (?)

  10. Outcomes and Implications • Short-term success and experimentation • Growth of nationalist anti-imperialism • Continuing quest for sovereignty • Tensions in U.S.-Latin American relations

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