Tuesday, 9/3/19 Day 2

1. ScienceStarters Sheet Agenda Sciencenotebook 1. Please have these Items on your desk. Pen/ Pencil Tuesday, 9/3/19 Day 2 2- Fill out your Agenda. Science starter: Monday No School – Labor Day Tuesday Prompt is under the document camera Metric Quiz retakes are today and tomorrow after school.

2. Date Assignment Page 8/29(purple)Matter Notespg24-26 Table of Contents

3. Matter: It’s what the world is made of.

4. What is matter? • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

5. Gases Plasma Solids What do you know about matter? Liquids

6. Solids • Solids have definite shape and definite volume. • Solids have mass. • Solids take up space. • Objects don’t pass through easily. Read more!

7. Particles in Solids: • Are packed tightly together • Have very little energy • Vibrate in place

8. Liquids • Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume. • Liquids have mass. • Liquids take up space. • Liquids have surface tension. Read more!

9. Particles in Liquids: • Are loosely packed • Have medium energy levels • Particles flow around each other

10. Gases • Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume. • Gaseshave mass. • Gasestake up space. Read more!

11. Particles in Gases: • Move freely • Have LOTS of energy

12. Plasma • Lightning through a gas is a plasma. • Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights (electricity through a noble gas) • Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged. • Plasma can flow like a liquid. It has the ability to act as a whole rather than a bunch of atoms, because all of the electrons have come loose from their atoms or molecules.

13. Particles in Plasma: • Are electrically charged • Have EXTREMELY high energy levels

14. STATES of matter? What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

15. Energy determines the state!

16. What is energy? • Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.

17. When energy is added, particles move faster! When energy is taken away, particles move slower! Add or Subtract Energy. . .

18. Solid + Energy = ? • When energy is added to solids, they become liquids! • Examples?

19. Liquid + Energy = ? • When energy is added to liquids, they become gases! • What examples can you think of?

20. Changing States • There are several names for matter changing states: • State change • Phase change • Physical change https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=188&v=LZI8nfA_zsA Plasma explained video clip

21. Kinetic Energy Particles with a lot of kinetic energy • Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion • Particles with a lot of kinetic energy move fast and far apart • Particles with little kinetic energy move slow & close together Particles with little kinetic energy

22. Thermal Energy • The total kinetic energy of all the particles in a sample of matter is called thermal energy.

23. Temperature • Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in a substance • So… if it is hot more kinetic energy, if cold less kinetic energy.

24. Heat • The movement of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature is called heat.

25. Changing states • Matter can change from one state to another when thermal energy is released or absorbed. • This is called a change of state.

26. State Change Pyramid Absorbing thermal energy Releasing thermal energy Gas Liquid Solid

27. State Change Pyramid Gas Releasing thermal energy Absorbing thermal energy Melting Liquid Solid

28. Melting • The change from the solid state to the liquid state is melting. • The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is called the melting point. • Melting is when matter absorbs thermal energy, and its temperature rises.

29. State Change Pyramid Absorbing thermal energy Releasing thermal energy Gas Melting Freezing Liquid Solid

30. Freezing • The change from the liquid state to the solid state is called freezing. • The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid state to the solid state is called the freezing point. • Energy is released during freezing. • After all of the liquid has become a solid, the temperature begins to decrease again.

31. State Change Pyramid Gas Absorbing thermal energy Releasing thermal energy Vaporization Melting Freezing Liquid Solid

32. Vaporization • The change from a liquid to a gas is known as vaporization. • The temperature of the substance does not change during vaporization. • However, the substance absorbs thermal energy.

33. Vaporization • Two forms of vaporization exist. • Vaporization that takes place below the surface of a liquid is called boiling. • The temperature at which a liquid boils is called the boiling point. • Vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid is called evaporation.

34. Evaporation • Evaporation, which occurs at temperatures below the boiling point, explains how puddles dry up. • It takes more than speed for water molecules to escape the liquid state. • During evaporation, these faster molecules also must be near the surface, heading in the right direction, and they must avoid hitting other water molecules as they leave.

35. State Change Pyramid Gas Releasing thermal energy Absorbing thermal energy Condensation Vaporization Melting Freezing Liquid Solid

36. Condensation • As a gas cools, its particles slow down. • When particles move slowly enough for their attractions to bring them together, droplets of liquid form. • This process, which is the opposite of vaporization, is called condensation.

37. State Change Pyramid Gas Releasing thermal energy Absorbing thermal energy Condensation Sublimation Vaporization Melting Freezing Liquid Solid

38. Sublimation • Some substances can change from the solid state to the gas state without ever becoming a liquid. • During this process, known as sublimation, the surface particles of the solid gain enough energy to become a gas. Picture from http://www.ehow.com/how_2098268_fogsmoke-dry-ice-halloween.html