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The Cardiovascular System

Learn about the cardiovascular system, heart anatomy, circulation pathways, and heart valves. Practice drawing a human heart and tracing blood flow. Interactive activities and informative resources included.

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The Cardiovascular System

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  1. The Cardiovascular System

  2. Warm–Up: 3/18/19 obj warm up Copy: I can draw an anatomically correct heart and label its major arteries/veins. • Collect sheet from white bin • Read through newsletter, check off the number of vocab you already know

  3. Warm–Up: 3/18/19 HW agenda Did you take endocrine exam??? -A&P Newsletter: Cardiovascular System -Notes: Intro to cardiovascular system & heart structures -Draw: 1 minute heart!

  4. The Cardiovascular System • A closed system of the heart and blood vessels • The heart pumps blood • Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body • The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

  5. Location Thorax between the lungs Pointed apex directed toward left hip About the size of your fist The Heart

  6. External Heart Anatomy Figure 11.2a

  7. Blood Circulation • Pulmonary Circuit – Sends deoxygenated blood to lungs (pick up O2, unload CO2) • Systemic Circuit – Sends oxygenated blood to body cells, removes waste Figure 11.3

  8. The Heart: Chambers • Right and left side act as separate pumps • Four chambers • Atria • Receiving chambers • Right atrium • Left atrium • Ventricles • Discharging chambers • Right ventricle • Left ventricle Figure 11.2c

  9. The Heart: Associated Great Vessels • Aorta - leaves left ventricle • Pulmonary arteries - leave right ventricle • Vena cava - enters right atrium • Pulmonary veins (four) - enter left atrium

  10. Time to Practice: Let’s Draw a Human Heart! • Tomorrow you will have a timed race • There will be two winners: • Fastest technically correct heart • Most detailed/anatomically correct heart

  11. Warm–Up: 3/19/19 obj warm up I can draw an anatomically correct heart and label its major arteries, veins, and valves. • Using your phone, go to https://www.wikihow.com/Draw-a-Human-Heart • Follow the directions to practice drawing TWO hearts and label the following on each: Inferior vena cava, Superior vena cava, Aorta, R. Pulmonary Artery, L. Pulmonary Artery, R. Pulmonary Vein, L. Pulmonary Vein

  12. Warm–Up: 3/19/19 HW agenda -Did you take endocrine exam??? -Practice drawing heart & labeling all chambers/vessels/valves/muscles at https://www.wikihow.com/Draw-a-Human-Heart -Warm-up: Practice drawing anatomical hearts -Heart race?? -Intro to heart valves/septum -Heart labeling diagram

  13. See where aorta connects to L. ventricle?

  14. The Heart: Coverings • Pericardium – a double serous membrane • Visceral pericardium - Next to heart • Parietal pericardium - Outside layer • Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium

  15. The Heart Wall: 3 layers • Epicardium • Outside layer • This layer is the visceral pericardium • Connective tissue layer • Myocardium • Middle layer • Mostly cardiac muscle • Endocardium • Inner layer • Endothelium

  16. The Heart: Valves • Allow blood to flow in only one direction • Four valves • Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles • Bicuspid(mitral) valve (left) • Tricuspid valve (right) • Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Aortic semilunar valve

  17. The Heart: Valves • Valves open as blood is pumped through • Held in place by chordae tendineae (“heart strings”) • Close to prevent backflow

  18. Heart Valves

  19. Operation of Heart Valves Figure 11.4

  20. Warm–Up: 3/20/19 obj warm up I can trace the flow of blood through the heart and identify the blood vessels involved in coronary circulation. • Grab a whiteboard & marker…our competition begins momentarily!!

  21. Anatomical Heart Labeling Competition • Two winners: • Fastest overall time (correct general structures & labels) • Most technically correct diagram (with correct general structures & labels) • Each competitor will make TWO drawings • Round 1 will be for fastest overall time • Round 2 will be for most technically correct diagram

  22. Warm–Up: 3/20/19 HW agenda -Practice drawing heart & labeling all chambers/vessels/valves/muscles at https://www.wikihow.com/Draw-a-Human-Heart -REMINDER: Office hours/grades posted -Warm-up: Anatomical heart competition -Answers to heart labeling diagram -Notes/video: Blood flow through the heart -Article: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery -Coronary circulation?

  23. Video: Blood Flow Through the Heart

  24. Warm–Up: 3/21/19 obj warm up I can trace the flow of blood through the heart and identify the blood vessels involved in coronary circulation. • Read the article about coronary artery bypass grafts and answer the associated questions.

  25. Warm–Up: 3/21/19 HW agenda -Practice drawing heart & labeling all chambers/vessels/valves/muscles at -Article: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery -Notes: Coronary circulation -Case study: ‘A Healthy Retirement?’

  26. Article: What is Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery?

  27. Coronary Circulation • Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium • The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system • Coronary arteries • Cardiac veins • Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus • Coronary sinus: Wide vein that receives blood from coronary veins & empties into R. atrium

  28. Coronary Arteries

  29. Coronary Sinus

  30. Warm–Up: 3/22/19 obj warm up I can analyze a real-world based scenario for symptoms of coronary artery disease. • Get with your group from yesterday. • Finish answering Part I, Q’s 1-3 • Send 2 group members to the board to write out your answers to #1 (both Jim and Nancy)

  31. Warm–Up: 3/22/19 HW agenda -Finish Heart Practice WS – Due Monday 4/1 -Finish Case Study: A Healthy Retirement -Heart Practice WS

  32. Warm–Up: 4/1/19 obj warm up I can prepare for a sheep heart dissection by reviewing the heart’s structures, and learn about the heart’s conduction system. Take out Heart Practice WS! (DON’T TURN IN QUITE YET)

  33. Warm–Up: 4/1/19 HW agenda -Preview heart dissection video 1-2x at home until you feel comfortable identifying parts & how each cut will be made -Grade Heart Practice WS -Sheep heart dissection -Background info -Video -Begin heart conduction system?

  34. Sheep Heart Dissection • Preview background & procedures • Video • Notice the cuts that are being made- specifically, where they originate • Notice the valves- which is which?

  35. Warm–Up: 4/2/19 obj warm up I can dissect a sheep heart to observe its major structures (chambers, myocardium, blood vessels, valves) Take out sheep heart dissection packet

  36. Warm–Up: 4/2/19 HW agenda -Analysis questions from sheep heart dissection – Due tomorrow, Wed. 4/3 -Sheep heart dissection -Intro to heart conduction system

  37. Warm–Up: 4/3/19 obj warm up I can identify the parts of the cardiac conduction system and describe how its parts work together to cause a heartbeat. • Collect packet from bin • Read through introduction on p. 517-518 • Turn in heart dissection packet

  38. Warm–Up: 4/3/19 HW agenda -Analysis questions from sheep heart dissection – Due tomorrow, Wed. 4/3 -Reminder: Office hours today/grades posted -Turn in heart dissection packet -Intro to the heart’s conduction system

  39. The Heart: Conduction System • Intrinsic conduction system (nodal system) • Heart muscle cells contract, without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way • Special tissue sets the pace • Sinoatrial node (SA) - Pacemaker • Atrioventricular node (AV) • Atrioventricular bundle • Bundle branches • Purkinje fibers

  40. The Heart’s Cardiac Cycle • Atria contract simultaneously • Atria relax, then ventricles contract • Systole = contraction • (atria contract, ventricles relax) • Diastole = relaxation • (atria relax, ventricles contract)

  41. Contraction is initiated by the sinoatrial node Sequential stimulation occurs at other autorhythmic cells Heart Contractions

  42. Filling of Heart Chambers – the Cardiac Cycle Figure 11.6

  43. The Heart: Cardiac Cycle • Cardiac cycle – events of one complete heart beat • Mid-to-late diastole – blood flows into ventricles • Ventricular systole – blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood • Early diastole – atria finish re-filling, ventricular pressure is low

  44. Warm–Up: 4/4/19 obj warm up I can learn how to read and interpret an EKG diagram. Take out HASPI EKG lab packets

  45. Warm–Up: 4/3/19 HW agenda -none -HASPI EKG lab (computers) – Part A

  46. Warm–Up: 4/5/19 obj warm up I can learn how to read and interpret an EKG diagram. Take out HASPI EKG lab packets

  47. Warm–Up: 4/5/19 HW agenda -Ch. X-X reading – Summary q’s? -Finish EKG lab analysis q’s – Due Fri. 4/12 -Video: Connecting cardiac conduction to EKGs -HASPI EKG lab – Part B

  48. The Heart: Cardiac Output • Cardiac output (CO) • Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute • CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV]) • Stroke volume • Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

  49. Cardiac Output Regulation Figure 11.7

  50. Regulation of Heart Rate • Stroke volume usually remains relatively constant • Starling’s law of the heart – the more that the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction • Changing heart rate is the most common way to change cardiac output

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