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Timing Property of MCP-PMT for Single Photon Detection

Timing Property of MCP-PMT for Single Photon Detection. Toru Iijima Nagoya University. Contents Studies of MCP-PMT performance in B-field. New development SL10 1x4 linear array MCP-PMT TAC-based ASIC (TAC-IC) Using GaAsP photocathode ?. NIM A528(2004)763. Channel. ~400 m m. MCP-PMT.

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Timing Property of MCP-PMT for Single Photon Detection

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  1. Timing Property of MCP-PMT for Single Photon Detection Toru Iijima Nagoya University Contents • Studies of MCP-PMT performance in B-field. • New development SL10 1x4 linear array MCP-PMT TAC-based ASIC (TAC-IC) • Using GaAsP photocathode ? NIM A528(2004)763 RICH04 Workshop

  2. Channel ~400mm MCP-PMT f~10mm • Electron amplification in micro channel (f ~10mm) • Fast/small transit time spread • Gain saturation • B field immunity • Geometrical apperture ~ 60% ※ without Al film at MCP-in • Gain ~O(106) w/ 2-3 stages • Possible to make a multi-anode PMT. Good single photon sensitivity Application to RICH Ideal for high resolution timing measurement RICH04 Workshop

  3. K p Application of MCP-PMT NIM A453(2000)331 • TOP Counter • Cherenkov ring imaging w/ precise time measurement; • Measure (X,T) instead of (X,Y) Require Photodetection with • TTS<100ps • DX~5mm • B up to 1.5T • High Resolution TOF • Use Cherenkov light (~0 decay time) • Minimum dispersion in light propagation. Simulated (X,T) image Talk by K.Inami @ Super-B WS (Hawaii, Jan. 2004) IEEE04 NSS (Rome, Oct. 2004) cf): Focusing-DIRC J.Va’vra Aerogel-RICH A.Gorisek Tile-TOF test counter RICH04 Workshop

  4. Studies of MCP-PMT BINP8 HPK6 We studied basic performance in B-field With single-anode MCP-PMTs (Burle25 has 2x2 anodes) R&D by Nagoya-U. N-lab. NIM A528(2004)763 Burle25 HPK10 HPK6 BINP8 HPK10 Burle25 RICH04 Workshop

  5. f B-field Measurement PMT-axis • Measured items • Pulse response: Gain, Resolution • Time response • B-filed dependence: <1.5 Tesla, B-axis angles • Setup • Hamamatsu PLP02 • 405nm • Pulse width 34ps (jitter<10ps) • C5594 amplifier • Gain = 36dB • Freq. Band = 50kHz – 1.5GHz • CAMAC ADC, TDC(25ps/count) • Phillips 708 discriminator RICH04 Workshop

  6. Basic Performance (w/o B-field) • Pulse shape • Fast raise time (~500ps) • Broad shape for BINP8 • Due to mismatch with H.V. supply divider • No influence for time resolution • ADC/TDC spectrum for single photon irradiation ADC TDC (time walk corrected). Tail component due to bouncing pe at MCP surface HPK6 HV=3400V 25ps/count RICH04 Workshop

  7. Gain increase at B=0.5~1.0T and f <~ 45deg. Gain vs B-field • Small chanel diam. Shows high stability against B-field. • HPK6 and BINP8 have G>106 in B=1.5T G=exp(A x a) a = L/D B=0 B>0 smaller Deff RICH04 Workshop

  8. BINP8 HPK6 HPK6 at B=1.5T (0deg.) BINP8 at B=1.5T (15deg.) HPK10 Burle25 1p.e 2p.e 3p.e B=0T B=1.5T Pulse Height Resolution • Photon counting in B=0/1.5T HPK6, BINP8 exhibit resolution is better in B=1.5T than 0T. Better gain saturation w/ B-field B=0T B=1.5T (0.8T for Burle25) More localized amplification with higher B. Excellent performance for HPK6 and BINP8(w/ slight off-axis from B). RICH04 Workshop

  9. TTS v.s. B-field Small channel diameter shows high stability and good resolution. TTS v.s. Gain For several HV and B-field conditions 30~40ps resolution was obtained for gain>106 Hole size need <~10mm to get time resolution of ~30ps under 1.5T B-field. Single photon Time response(for single photon) Burle25 HPK10 BINP8 HPK6 Burle25 BINP8 HPK10 HPK6 Single photon RICH04 Workshop

  10. Under development in collaboration with Hamamatsu Co. 4ch linear array for the TOP counter application. SL10 MCP-PMT Under development cathode to MCP-in =2mm MCP-out to anode = 1mm Under development RICH04 Workshop

  11. B = 0 T B = 0 T Gain = 2x106 s = 30ps SL10 Basic Performance(for single photon) Confirmed gain > 106 and TTS = 30ps(s) In B=1.5T magnetic field. RICH04 Workshop

  12. 4 1 3 2 Scan top half of ch-2. (Step: X 0.1mm, Y 1mm) Scan across the 4ch. (0.1mm step) 5.3mm 1 2 3 4 90 y (mm) 160 5.3mm ch1 ch2 ch3 ch4 120 >90% for most region. Relative ADC mean (%) 80 all>75% 40 x (mm) 0 x (mm) 0 15 5 10 20 Multi-photon irradiation (<Npe> ~5) Pulse Height Uniformity/Cross Talk Cross talk (by charge spreading) • Sufficient uniformity in gain and efficiency. • Small enough cross talk. <0.3% RICH04 Workshop

  13. mean TDC s # of event 1 4 2 3 Uniformity in Time Response Scan top half of CH2 w/ single photon 60 Time variation (Dmean, psec) 500 Time resolution (s, psec) 55 400 y (mm) y (mm) 50 300 45 200 40 40 100 <43psec for most region <50psec for most region 50 35 0 x (mm) x (mm) Sufficient uniformity in transit time and its resolution RICH04 Workshop

  14. MCP-PMT Issues • Cross talk • Induced by a neighboring hit (ch-ch coupling). • Resolution become worse when > 2hits on a PMT (s~30ps  70-90ps) • Lifetime • Al protection layer helps but collection eff. drops (x60%) • How about in B-field? • Depend on photocathode? cf) ~700mC/cm2 if TOP used in Super-Belle. Need more studies… RICH04 Workshop

  15. H.Nakano, T.Iijima (Nagoya) H.Ikeda, I.Adachi, S.Nishida (KEK) T.Sumiyoshi (TMU) INPUT 125ps GATE1 T1 75ps GATE2 T2 AOUT1 V1 = K x T1 V2 = K x T2 AOUT2 R&D for Readout ASIC • Time-to-Analog Converter  Time resolution <~20ps. • Double overlap gates  Less dead time (~100ns). • 0.35m CMOS process. “TAC-IC” Concept 40MHz CLOCK RICH04 Workshop

  16. ① ② ③ TAC-IC Status • Test production at VDEC (U.Tokyo) • 1st batch chip • Accommodate 3 types • C.F.D + TAC • L.E.D. + TAC • TAC only • Work w/ 40MHz clocking. • Resolution being measured. • 2nd batch chip being submitted. • Some debugging • Aim at higher clocking rate. INPUT @ overlap of 2 gates V2 V1 RICH04 Workshop

  17. Light propagation velocity inside quartz Using GaAsP photocathode? • Sensitive in longer wavelength Quartz: less chromatic error Aerogel: more transparent • QE as high as 40% at peak  compensate Npe loss due to 1/l2 dep. Aerogel transmission Npe x2 possible (from rough estimation) RICH04 Workshop

  18. Test TTS of a MCP-PMT w/ GaASP TTS may be worse due to thicker photo cathode GaAsP:～mm ⇔ multi(bi)-alkali:～100Å Test w/ a single anode PMTs have been tested. Same time response has been observed. SL10 w/ GaAsP ?? (under consideration) Time Resolution with GaAsP RICH04 Workshop

  19. Summary • MCP-PMT w/ <10mm channel has excellent single photon counting performance up to 1.5 T magnetic field. • Gain > 106 • TTS < 35ps (s) • Unresolved issues: cross talk + Life time • New development are underway at Belle • 1x4 linear array MCP-PMT TOP counter. Basic performance has been confirmed. • TAC-based ASIC for high resol. time decoding. • GaAsP photocathode ? • TTS <35ps has been confirmed. • Worth for consideration. Some samples exhibits very sharp HPD like single photon peak (better in B field) Stay tuned ! RICH04 Workshop

  20. Backup Slides RICH04 Workshop

  21. TTS vs B-field RICH04 Workshop

  22. Gain vs HV HPK6 BINP10 Burle25 HPK10 Gain HV(kV) 6 6 HPK6  3 10 (B = 1.5T, H.V= 3.6kV) BINP10  3 10 (B = 1.5T, H.V= 3.2V) HPK10  2 10 (B = 1.5T, H.V= 3.4kV) Burle25  4 10 (B = 0.8T, H.V= 2.5V) 5 5 RICH04 Workshop

  23. Multi-anode MCP-PMT w/ GaAsP ? • The timing performance has been checked with single channel MCP-PMT sample. • According to HPK, • Can be made. • Effecive area ratio (cathode area/package) may be smaller. • Need clarify • Life. • Dark counts • Cost ? HPK Data RICH04 Workshop

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