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MONITORING ITALIAN VOLCANOES BY NOAA–AVHRR SATELLITE DATA

MONITORING ITALIAN VOLCANOES BY NOAA–AVHRR SATELLITE DATA C. Spinetti , M. F. Buongiorno, S. Amici, M. Silvestri, V.Lombardo, M. Musacchio, F. Doumaz, S. Corradini. Picture Courtesy of B. Behncke. INGV REMOTE SENSING GROUP HAS BEEN ACTIVE

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MONITORING ITALIAN VOLCANOES BY NOAA–AVHRR SATELLITE DATA

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  1. MONITORING ITALIAN VOLCANOES BY NOAA–AVHRR SATELLITE DATA C. Spinetti, M. F. Buongiorno, S. Amici, M. Silvestri, V.Lombardo, M. Musacchio, F. Doumaz, S. Corradini Picture Courtesy of B. Behncke

  2. INGV REMOTE SENSING GROUP HAS BEEN ACTIVE IN THE LAST 15 YEARS IN DEVELOPING ALGORITHM TO MEASURE GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS RELATED TO VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES

  3. Satellite Receiving Station INGV NOAA TeraScan • Antenna swath area 2000 km * 2000 km • Daily and nightly detection of • Thermal anomalies • Ash cloud and plumes • 4-6 pass day 3 satellites • NOAA 15-17-18 • NOAA-AVHRR data • Apparent reflectance, Brightness temperature and spectral radiance • 5 channels, 1.1 km Nadir spatial resolution

  4. STRUCTURE AVO system AVHotRR system Storage ADA system DPC dedicate web

  5. AVO system Etna Stromboli Vulcano Vesuvio Collaboration with the Alaska Volcano Observatory

  6. Hot spot detection

  7. Temporal evolution of brightness temperature Ch 3 Ch 4

  8. Hotspot detection tested during 2006 Mt. Etna eruption • Alarm Correctness • Works well on night hotspots • Almost 100% effective at > 25°C contrast • False alarms due to sunrise • High-contrast sunlit peaks, clouds • False alarms due to pixel noise • Hotspot detection noise filter

  9. Automatic routinefor lava flow effusion rate estimation

  10. Activity Report via E-mail

  11. Agreement with HIGP AVHRR Data Stream

  12. HOT RGB Subject: GOES notice for etna From: Thermal Hotspot Algorithm Date: Sat, 5 Jul 2008 05:20:33 -1000 To: Distribution List Current Directory: /data/goes/etna Current File: 05jul081159et Area: etna 160 127 10 10 Alarm Probability: -0.8 Total Probability: -0.7 Images: 05jul081159et.b1 05jul081159et.rgb 05jul081159et.hot 05jul081159et.prob 05jul081159et.key B1 KEY Fires Automated (MODVOLC-Based) Hot Pixel Detection (2) Links to automated image quick look products (1) Detection of hot spot trips on Etna trips automated email notice (3) Operator Analysis of Raw Data (i) Image checked by operator for quality/cloud conditions (ii) Target & background band 4 radiances extracted for all hot lava-containing pixels. (iii) Calculate lava area using a 2-component mixture model (with hot component Temperature range of 100 to 500 °C) (Harris et al., 1997)

  13. Effusion rates Rates derived from MODIS data (ModVolc) Rates estimated from AVHRR data (AVHotRR)

  14. Comparison between maximun and minimun Rates estimated from AVHRR data (AVHotRR) Rates derived from MODIS data (ModVolc)

  15. ADA Volcanic Ash Detection Based on the different absorption between TIR channels around 11 and 12 mm [Prata, 1989; Wen and Rose, 1994] • Exctinction coefficient Simulation • - Refract index • Effective radius 1m • - Log normal size distribution 22-7-06 05:39 GMT 24-11-06 13:01 GMT

  16. Volcanic ash in air information

  17. Volcanic ash loading BTD Alghorithm application Ash plume detected Retrieval of ash mass

  18. Satellite derived information Observation Report INGV CT Operative Room Hot Spot detection ER calculation Avhotrr Modvolc Volcanic ash detection DPC Synthesis Room 2006 Etna increase of explosive events Volcanic ash information has been sent 2 time per day Fontanarossa Airport

  19. DPC dedicated web interface

  20. Experienced eruptions • MT. ETNA July 2006 (Lava flow) • MT. ETNA September to December 2006(Lava flow and explosive activity) • STROMBOLI February to March 2007 (Lava flow and paroxysm) • MT. ETNA November 2007(explosive activity) • MT. ETNA ongoing 2008 from May(explosive activity and lava flow) Volcanological and remote sensing observation reports are available on ‘monitoring volcanoes’ http:\\www.ingv.it

  21. Vesuvius eruption simulation Mesimex (October 2006) INGV OVDPC Blog

  22. No conclusions but future work Updating System in a Multimission Receiver Seviri 24-11-2006 4-16 GMT Modis 24-11-2006 12:20 GMT

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