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Chemistry

Chemistry. Why do you think we have to learn about Chemistry in a Biology class?. Atomic Theory. Um, who is this? He looks pretty different from you and me, Carbon. I’m Oxygen. I am different from you, but I’m sure we could find some way to bond!.

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Chemistry

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  1. Chemistry Why do you think we have to learn about Chemistry in a Biology class?

  2. Atomic Theory Um, who is this? He looks pretty different from you and me, Carbon. I’m Oxygen. I am different from you, but I’m sure we could find some way to bond! It sure is nice hanging out with you, Carbon. • All elements composed of tiny divisible particles called atoms. Atoms are the basic functional unit of matter. • Atoms of the same element are identical Tell me about it, Carbon!

  3. Still more of Atomic Theory… • Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine to form compounds. • Chemical reactions occur when: • atoms are separated, joined or rearranged; • however, they are never changed into atoms of another element.

  4. The three kinds of subatomic particles 1. Protons (p+) • 1 AMU (Atomic Mass Unit) • One unit of positive charge 2. Neutrons (n0) • 1 AMU (Atomic Mass Unit) • No charge or neutral

  5. The three kinds of subatomic particles • Electrons (e-) • Mass of electron is so small it is not even calculated into atomic mass • One unit of negative charge

  6. Atomic Structure Protons and Neutrons make up the nucleus Electrons spin around in orbitals surrounding the nucleus

  7. What is an orbital? Outer orbitals = Max out at 8 Innermost Orbital = Maxes out at 2

  8. What makes atoms different from each other, if they have the same basic parts? The Atomic Number Definition: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.

  9. Why protons?Why not neutrons?Or electrons? • Oxygen’s Atomic Number is 8. • How many protons does it have? _______ • How many neutrons does it have? ________ • How many electrons does it have? ________ • Wait a minute, how do we know we have that many of each atomic component? 8 8 8

  10. Atomic Mass (AMU) • The total number of protons and neutrons is called the atomic mass. Based on this nucleus, what is the atomic mass? What element is it? 4 + Helium +

  11. What about those special cases? • Sometimes there are more or less neutrons in a nucleus, these are called isotopes.

  12. The Atomic Number B 5 5 P = _____ 6 Element’s Name N = _____ Boron 5 E = _____ Atomic Mass 10.81 Bohr Diagram Lewis Structure B

  13. Hi there! I’m Nitrogen. Am I an atom or a compound? You were right! I am now Ammonia! But, am I an atom or a compound now? Greetings, Nitrogen. We are Hydrogen atoms. Perhaps we will change the way you think about yourself. Bonding and Chemical Reactions • Chemical Bonding: Combining Atoms of Elements to form Chemical Compounds Oh, you can’t be serious!

  14. Bonding To achieve stability, an atom will either gain, lose or share electrons. Ionic Bonds: A bond that involves a transfer of electrons

  15. Ionic Bonds Sodium Chlorine Chloride Sodium Chloride = Salt! Ion (+1) Ion (-1)

  16. Covalent Bonds Can you guess which element I am? What will complete my valence shell? • A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by sharing electrons.

  17. Different types of Covalent Bonds Single Bond: One pair of shared electrons Double Bond: Two pairs of shared electrons Triple Bond: Three pairs of shared electrons Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) can form this. Can you? = H – H H H O=C=O C O O Lone pairs: Electron pairs not shared between atoms H N H H

  18. Bonding Basics Practice 1- 2+ 1- Ionic Bonds • Mg + Br • Pb + S • Al + Cl Br Mg Br MgBr2 2- 4+ 2- S Pb S PbS2 1- Cl Cl Al Cl AlCl3 1- 3+ 1-

  19. O Bonding Basics Practice Covalent Bonds • H + Cl • C + Cl • Si + O H Cl H – Cl HCl Cl Cl Cl C Cl Cl C Cl CCl4 Cl Cl Si O O = Si = O SiO2

  20. Bond with your classmate! • Each of you will have an element. • The charge – or oxidation number – is on the element. • Your goal is to bond with as many of your classmates as possible. • Balance your equations! • i.e., Magnesium (Mg) and Bromine (Br) must make… MgBr2 Bond!

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