Module X

1. Module X Independence 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X 1

2. Independence evaluates the extent to which the student completed items/tasks independently. Independence Dimension 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

3. Supports vs. Prompts Not all direction is considered a prompt. Some direction is simply a support, which does not need to be indicated, tracked, or part of the score. Examples of supports: • Redirecting the student to stay on task is not a prompt; it is a support. • Reading directions with the student is a support. • Restating the directions for the student is a support. • Scribing for the student is a support. • Providing accessible materials (large print, textured paper, manipulatives, etc.) is a support. • Supports are not included when calculating the independence score for the student’s work. 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

4. Independence Dimension 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

5. Teacher Scoring for Independence • A prompt level must be documented next to each item performed by the student. • I = independent • V= verbal • G= gestural • M= model • P= physical • If some other system is used there must be a key. • Remember, if your prompt hierarchy is not the same as the one above, you must explain your prompt hierarchy clearly, giving the names of the prompts, hierarchical order, and letter key for the prompts. • Even if the student performs with 100% independence, each item must be marked with an I. • Independence scores must be summarized as a percent. • Reviewers must be able to recreate the score. If the score is not replicable, the dimension can not be scored and will receive zero for Independence. 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

6. Prompting During Assessment - Allowable Prompts • An indirect verbal prompt (V) can • provide the student with a clue to try and spark the student’s recollection of the activity or lesson so that he/she can respond to the question (e.g., “Who was the story about?” or “Remember, the main character has red hair and pigtails. Point to the main character.”) • An indirect gestural prompt (G) can • Provide the student with a clue as to the general location of an answer (e.g., when looking up a word in the dictionary, the teacher may tap the page on which the word can be found but not exactly where the word is on the page) 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

7. Prompting During Assessment - Allowable Prompts • An indirect model prompt (M) can • provide the student with a clue through demonstration of the skill (e.g., demonstrate how to carry in an addition problem then give the student a different problem) • Provide the student with a clue through acting out a scenario (e.g., when presenting a choice of three pictures and asking the student which picture represents an unbalanced force, the teacher may make a sweeping or moving motion to represent an “unbalanced force”) 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X 7

8. Direct Prompting During Assessment - NOT ALLOWED 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X • A direct verbal prompt • provides the student with the specific answer to a question or item (e.g., “Remember, the main character was Pippi. Point to the picture of the main character.”) • A direct gestural prompt • points out the specific answer to the student (e.g., when presenting a choice of three pictures and asking the student which picture represents an unbalanced force, the teacher points to or taps the correct picture) • A direct model prompt • models the exact problem and answer that the student must perform (e.g., when sorting producers and consumers, the teacher says, “Remember, corn is a producer,” picks up the picture of corn, and places it in the producer column of a chart then asks, “Which one is a producer?”)

9. Verbal, Gestural, and Model Prompting • For assessment purposes, only verbal, gestural, and model prompts that are indirect are allowed during an activity. • These prompts lead or guide the student towards the correct answer. • Indirect prompts do not directly give the student the answer. • If any other type of prompt is used, a key must be provided that explains that system. 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

10. Prompting During Assessment - Allowable Prompts • A physical prompt (P) • requires physical contact between the student and teacher • may be a touch at the elbow prompting the student to move his/her hand to a particular answer, or it may be more invasive, involving the teacher physically moving the student’s hand to the correct answer • If the student must be given a physical prompt to correctly answer the test question, the answer must be marked wrong. • This applies to full and partial physical prompts. 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X 10

11. Prompting During Assessment 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

12. Prompting During Assessment • When planning instruction, the typical goal for all students is to perform the skills and concepts learned independently. • However, for assessment, consider whether or not a student will need prompting during the initial activity of the assessment and to what level the prompt may be faded prior to the final activity of the assessment. • For assessment purposes, a student may • Initially perform the skill with one level of prompting and complete the final activity with a less intrusive prompt • Initially perform the skill with one level of prompting and complete the final activity with the same level of prompting • Initially perform the skill 100% independently, therefore he/she must also perform the final activity 100% independently. • A student may not be given a more intrusive prompt on the final activity than he/she was provided during the initial activity. 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

13. Scoring Independence 3.1.12H1 Far Link “Match electronic media to information needed needed” 4.2.7E1 Near Link “Determine the area of a triangle, rectangle, and square” 9-28-12 9-21-12 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

14. Scoring Evidence for Independence • The total Independence score must be in the form of a percent. • Take the number of items completed independently divided by the total number of items multiplied by 100 to calculate the total Independence score. • When scoring for Independence, the information does not include accuracy. 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training - Module X

15. Scoring Independence – Quick Reference Independent Independent Independent Independent 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training – Module X

16. Scoring Independence – Quick Reference Independent Independent 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training – Module X

17. Scoring Independence – Quick Reference Independent Independent 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training – Module X

18. Review Information to answer these questions is found throughout Module X of the training. You may go back to any part of the training or to your 2012-2013 Procedures Manual to find the answers. You should not continue with the training until you can answer all of these questions correctly. 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training – Module X

19. Review • When a student answers all items independently, is it acceptable to write “All independent” on the student’s work rather than marking each item with an I? • What is the most intrusive type of indirect prompt? • What must you provide if you use a different prompt hierarchy than the one shown in your 2012-2013 Procedures Manual and this training? 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training – Module X

20. Review – Module X Answers • No, each item must be marked. • The most intrusive type of indirect prompt is a model prompt. Physical prompts are more intrusive than model prompts, but physical prompts are direct prompts since they directly give the student the correct answer. • When a prompt hierarchy is used that is different than the one shown in the 2012-2013 Procedures Manual and this training, a key explaining the hierarchy must be included with the evidence. 2012-2013NJ APA Teacher Training – Module X