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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. TAIWAN PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK. EARTHQUAKES. GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE. TYPHOONS. FLOODS.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. TAIWANPART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK EARTHQUAKES GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE TYPHOONS FLOODS ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE LANDSLIDES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
TYPHOONS TAIWAN IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL
CAUSES OF DAMAGE WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE TYPHOONS IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN “DISASTER LABORATORIES” SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
TYPHOON HAZARDS • BLDG. INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EARLY WARNING • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION TYPHOON RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE TAIWAN’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS CASE HISTORIES PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) • WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+ (155 mph or greater)] • DEBRIS • STORM SURGE • HEAVY PRECIPITATION • LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) • COSTAL EROSION
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TYPHOONS • WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TYPHOONS. • DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELYEARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.
Morakot was the most devastating storm of the deadly 2009 Pacific typhoon season and was also the deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan in recorded history
CAUSES OF RISK LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER FLOODS WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) CASE HISTORIES EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
MORACOT’S IMPACTS • Morakot dumped a total of 2.5 meters (100 inches) of rain on the island.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TYPHOONS • CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
TYPHOON DUJUAN TIAWAN 1-3 SEPTEMBER THOUSANDS OF BUILDINGS AND HOMES INUNDATED AGRICULTURAL CROPS LOST $320 M LOSS $-- 0 INSURED LOSS 42 DEATHS NATURAL DISASTERS: 2003
TYPHOON NARI (TIAWAN) $800 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS PARTIAL INDEMNIFI-CATION BY INSURANCE 93 DEATHS NATURAL DISASTERS: 2001
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NATURAL HAZARDS • CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTIONIS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
MAIN INSIGHTS FROM SEVERE WINDSTORMS • EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION TO MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY ARE VITAL FOR SAVING LIVES • WIND ENGINEERING PROTECTS BUILDINGS • WIND INSURANCE POOLS SPREADS RISK
RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • EXPOSURE • EVENT • COST • BENEFIT TYPHOONS EXPECTED LOSS POLICY ADOPTION • CONSEQUENCES POLICY ASSESSMENT TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE
LANDSLIDES IN TAIWAN ASSOCIATED WITH TYPHOONS AND EARTHQUAKES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS CASE HISTORIES PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
MORACOT’S IMPACTS • At least 40 people dead, many as the result of a village being buried by a landslide (mudslide) during the storm..
LANDSLIDE EXACERBATED BY M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND RAIN APRIL 26, 2010
Following several days of rain, a hillside collapsed onto a three-lane highway over a 300-meter stretch, burying three cars and disrupting traffic.