1 / 47

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDONESIA PART 1A: EARTHQUAKES

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDONESIA PART 1A: EARTHQUAKES. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE INDONESIA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK . EARTHQUAKES. GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE. TSUNAMIS . CYCLONES.

avani
Download Presentation

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDONESIA PART 1A: EARTHQUAKES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDONESIAPART 1A: EARTHQUAKES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE INDONESIA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK EARTHQUAKES GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE TSUNAMIS CYCLONES ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE FLOODS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

  3. PLATE TECTONICS MAP

  4. INDONESIA

  5. REGIONAL TECTONICS • The Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates meet in Indonesia, creating a tectonic setting that generates earthquakes and volcanoes.

  6. REGIONAL TECTONICS • The Indo-Australian plate is moving northward while being subducted under the Eurasian plate creating a zone marked by a submarine trench that can be traced from the northern tip of Sumatra to the Lesser Islands.

  7. ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE ON EARTHQUAKES

  8. EARTHQUAKES AS PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” INDONESIA EXPERIENCES EARTHQUAKES AS A RESULT OF ONGOING SUBDUCTION OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA AND EURASIA TECTONIC PLATES

  9. SUBDUCTION ZONE

  10. INDONESIA: SEISMICITY

  11. QUAKE HAZARDS • BLDGS., LIFELINES • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EARLY WARNING • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION EARTHQUAKE RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE INDONESIA’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

  12. CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES “DISASTER LABORATORIES” LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  13. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL EARTHQUAKES • PREPAREDNESS MEANS THAT YOU UNDERSTAND THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH STRONG GROUND SHAKING AND PLAN IN ADVANCE.

  14. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL EARTHQUAKES • PROTECTION OF PEOPLE, BUILDINGS AND INFRA-STRUCTURE WITH MODERN CODES AND STANDARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

  15. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL EARTHQUAKES • PREPAREDNESS FOR MASSIVE GROUND FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

  16. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL EARTHQUAKES • CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

  17. INDONESIA’S MOST NOTABLE RECENT EARTHQUAKES DECEMBER 26, 2004 –- M9.3 SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 — M7.6 OCTOBER 1, 2009 — M6.6

  18. THE EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI DISASTER OF DECEMBER 26, 2004 • A reverse fault ruptured the sea floor for more than 1,000 km, generating a M9.3 earthquake and a tsunami that traveled the Indian Ocean, devastating Indonesia and other rim countries, leaving over 220,000 dead.

  19. THE EARTHQUAKE • The M9.3 earthquake was located 260 km (155 miles) from Banda Ache, SUMATRA

  20. LOCATION

  21. THE TSUNAMI • A major tsunami that traveled the Indian Ocean was generated in the December 26, 2004 subduction-zone earthquake.

  22. SUDDEN CHANGE IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITYAfter the December 26, 2004 M9.3 Banda Ache earthquake and tsunami occurred, volcanic activity increased with some of Indonesia’s dormant volcanoes becoming active again.

  23. LOCATION

  24. THE WEST SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE: SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 • A devastating M7.6 earthquake occurred on Wednesday night, September 30, 2009. • It occurred on the same fault system that broke on December 26, 2004, generating the M9.3 earthquake and the devastating Indian Ocean tsunami.

  25. THE JAMBI EARTHQUAKE OF OCTOBER 1, 2009 • A M6.6 earthquake occurred on Thursday morning, October 1, just as the airport was reopening and rescue teams were beginning their work. • Fortunately, the epicenter was 230 km (140 miles) southeast of the M7.6 quake.

  26. PADANG PARIAMAN: OCTOBER 1, 2009 • Before the earthquake, Padang Pariaman, closest to the quake’s epicenter in the Indian Ocean, was acluster of villages built on the flanks of surrounding mountains, overlooking rice paddies and a river. • A landslide triggered by the quake destroyed the villages and the road that connected them.

  27. LANDSLIDE: PADANG PARIAMAN

  28. CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS CASE HISTORIES PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

  29. PADANG: OCTOBER 1, 2009 • The port city of Padang (population of 900,000) was in chaos on Thursday, October 1, after a powerful M7.6 earthquake struck the island of Sumatra on Wednesday. • Fires were burning, sirens blaring, dazed residents wandering in streets covered with rubble, and hundreds trapped beneath collapsed buildings.

  30. PADANG: OCTOBER 1, 2009 • Nearly every building over three stories in Padang suffered damage from the first quake, which was just 50 km (30 miles) away. • Padang’s three main hospitals collapsed.

  31. PADANG

  32. PADANG: COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS

  33. PADANG: FIRE

  34. PADANG: DAMAGE

  35. PADANG: COLLAPSED BUILDING

  36. PADANG: OCTOBER 1, 2009 • At least 1,300 people were dead, but ... • The death toll was expected to rise as search and rescue workers dug into collapsed hospitals, offices, hotels, homes, buried villages, and a school, where an estimated 3,000 people were trapped under the rubble.

  37. PADANG: DAMAGED AND COLLAPSED BUILDINGS

  38. PADANG: RUBBLE FROM COLLAPSED BUILDINGS

  39. PADANG: SEARCH AND RESCUE

  40. PADANG: SEARCH AND RESCUE

  41. PADANG: SEARCH AND RESCUE

  42. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL EARTHQUAKES • CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTIONIS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

  43. PRELIMINARY IMPACTS • The powerful earthquakes devastated 10,581 houses, 88 public facilities, 77 places of worship, 76 school buildings, and 68 government offices in Pariaman alone.

  44. NOTE:Indonesia’s long, slow recovery process from the December 26, 2004 earthquake/tsunami disaster was hindered by these quakes.

  45. MANY HELPING HANDS FROM ABROAD, AS IN 2004 • Helping hands were extended immediately by a number of countries: Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, Saudi Arabia, the UK, the USA, Germany, South Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Denmark, Switzerland, Thailand, Taiwan and Norway.

  46. RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • EXPOSURE • EVENT • COST • BENEFIT EARTH-QUAKES EXPECTED LOSS POLICY ADOPTION • CONSEQUENCES POLICY ASSESSMENT TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR EARTHQUAKES

More Related