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Parasitic Helminths and Arthropod Agents and Vectors of Diseases

Parasitic Helminths and Arthropod Agents and Vectors of Diseases. Classification of Parasites. Location of helminths in the body: Intestinal helminths: Tissue helminths:. Nematodes General features : Elongated worm, cylindrical, unsegmented and tapering at both ends.

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Parasitic Helminths and Arthropod Agents and Vectors of Diseases

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  1. Parasitic Helminths and Arthropod Agents and Vectors of Diseases

  2. Classification of Parasites

  3. Location of helminths in the body: Intestinal helminths: Tissue helminths:

  4. Nematodes General features: Elongated worm, cylindrical, unsegmented and tapering at both ends. Variable in size, measure from less than <1 cm to about 100cm. Sex separate and male is smaller than female

  5. Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)

  6. The commonest human helminthes infection. Found in jejunumand upper part of ileum. Female about ± 20 cm which is longer ± 10 cm than male. Feed on semi digested food In the small intestine. Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)

  7. Ascaris lumbricoides

  8. The Trematodes Leaf- like un-segmented

  9. Taenia saginata Example of a tapeworm (cestodes, tape –like ,segmented)

  10. MEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF ARTHROPODS • 1)As aetiologic agents (causes) of diseases. • Tissue damage • Induction of hypersensitivity reactions. • Injection of poisons • Entomophobia (acarophobia) • 2) As vectors of diseases: • I: Mechanical transmission - simple carriage of pathogens. • II: Biological transmission: • - cyclical • - propagative • - cyclo-propagative • III: Trans-ovarian transmission

  11. Scabies as etiological agent of the disease (الجرب)tissue damage

  12. HOUSE FLY World-wide distribution Body with 3 visible parts, 3 pairs of legs 1 pair of visible wings. Retracted mouth parts Breeds in soil and dirt Not a blood sucker. Mechanical transmission of many diseases : viruses, bacteria and parasites

  13. Myiasis ((التدويد

  14. Ophthamo-myiasis

  15. Mosquitoes : Cosmopolitan , more than 3000 species.. Genus and species distinguished by morphology of adult and developmental stages.

  16. Phlebotomus ( sand fly)

  17. Flea البراغيث Rat flea

  18. LICE القمل Louse(singular) , Lice (pleural) Pediculus humanus

  19. Bed bugsالبق (Cimex lectularius)

  20. Bee BEES  Venoms of bees are a mixture of enzymes and several polypeptides some of which are pharmacologically active e.g. histamine or neurotoxic. Some people are hypersensitive to venoms and suffer anaphylactic reaction , death might result in 1 hour.

  21. Scorpions • Highly venomous • Thick-tail scorpions (family Buthidae). They have thick tails and thin pincers.

  22. Scabies mites )السوس)

  23. Scabies

  24. (The Spider): This spider is commonly found outdoors and around human habitation. It's often called The Red-back spider. . Hobo or Brown Recluse Spider: A venomous bite from a can cause severe necrotic arachnidism results from envenomation (venom poisoning). It occurs due to the venom's ability to clot blood that results in an area of tissue receiving inadequate blood flow and thus dying secondary to oxygen starvation.

  25. TICKS Body 1 segment 4 pairs of legs no antennae no wings Soft ticks: Vector for: Relapsing fever • Hard Ticks: • Vector for: • Babesiosis, • Q fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

  26. Important arthropod vectors for human diseases

  27. Parasitic Helminths and Arthropod Agents and Vectors of Diseases • Objectives: • By the end of this lecture the student should be able to : • Name the three main groups of parasitic helminths and their characteristic morphological features . • Describe the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides as an example of parasitic heminths . • Discuss the role of arthropods as agents and as vectors of diseases in humans. • Give examples of the main arthropod vectors of diseases.

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