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Endocrine System

Endocrine System. Your endocrine system regulates your growth, development, and body chemistry. Controls many body functions exerts control by releasing special chemical substances into the blood called hormones Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems.

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System Your endocrine system regulates your growth, development, and body chemistry.

  2. Controls many body functions exerts control by releasing special chemical substances into the blood called hormones Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems Derives its name from the fact that various glands release hormones directly into the blood, which in turn transports the hormones to target tissues via ducts. The Endocrine System

  3. How is the endocrine system different from the nervous system? • Nervous system • Reacts differently to a stimulus but has a short lived life • Both nerves and chemicals carry signals in the nervous system and these signals only affect certain parts of the body • Chemicals messengers in the nervous system work only at the gaps between nerve cells • Endocrine system • Endocrine system responds more slowly and has a longer lasting effect • Only hormones carry signals for the endocrine system • Carried by blood, hormones can spread all over the body and can affect many organs

  4. How do hormones work? • Work by binding to receptors either outside or inside a cell • Each kind of hormone molecule has a shape that fits only certain receptors. • Each organ has cells with receptors for certain kinds of hormones • When a hormone binds to a receptor on a a cell, the cell reacts • The result depends on the kind of hormone and the organ the cells is in

  5. What are the endocrine glands? • Several different endocrine glands are scattered about your body • They include:

  6. Major Glands of the Endocrine system • Pituitary • Thyroid • Parathyroid • Adrenal. • Pancreas • Ovaries • Testes

  7. Pituitary gland • Master gland of body • Located in the depression of sphenoid bone • Produces many hormones that affect other glands • thyroid stimulating hormone • Somatotropin- growth hormone • Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation • ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone • Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin • ADH- antidiuretic hormone

  8. Gigantism is an inherited trait that results from the overproduction of HGH • Dwarfism is an inherited trait that results from the underproduction of HGH

  9. Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood. • Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine • goiter- not enough iodine • Hyperthyroidism • Hypothyroidism

  10. Adrenal glands • Located just above the kidney • Secretes many hormones • Epinephrine • Norepinephrine

  11. Review on the “fight or flight” syndrome • Body responds to a stressful situation by getting ready to fight or run away to protect itself • Fight or flight response • Directed in part by two hormones made by the adrenal glands, epinephrine and norepinephrine • Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline • These stress hormones raise your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate and slow your digestion • As a result, you have more blood that flows to your muscles, bringing them plenty of oxygen- just in case you have to run for your life!

  12. Pancreas- • Pancreatic juices into the intestine • Secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells.

  13. Diabetes • Cause- decreased secretion of insulin • Symptoms • Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections • Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population • Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it • 225,000 die each year • 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending

  14. Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best) • 1982 - Human Insulin - First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech

  15. Do all diabetics have to take insulin? • No, usually only type 1 diabetics have to take insulin injections. • Type 2 diabetics control their blood-sugar with medications, diet and exercise • Most diabetics have Type 2 diabetes which normally develops after the age of 40

  16. Is it true that everyone has both male and female hormones? • We know that both men and women have both kinds of sex hormones but in different amounts • The male hormone, testosterone, governs the changes in boys as they mature • In women, the male hormone causes the normal growth of body hair • The female hormones, estrogen and progesterone govern the changes in girls • In men, the female hormones help keep body fat at a safe level

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