Anonymity, Security, Privacy and Civil Liberties

1. Anonymity, Security, Privacy and Civil Liberties • Introduction • Anonymity • Security • Privacy • Ethical and Social Issues Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza

2. Introduction • Information has increased in value • Information can also be a liability • The demand for information is high due to: • High digitalization of info & increasing bandwidth. • Declining costs of digital communication. • Increased miniaturization • Portable computers • Other communications equipment. • Greater public awareness • The danger for misuse is real

3. Anonymity • Absence of identity • There are three types of identity: • Pseudo – know by a pseudo-name • Untraceable – no name association • Anonymity with a pseudo address • No name association • Address association • Anonymity on the Internet • Anonymous servers • Anonymous users • There is no 100% anonymity on the internet

4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Anonymity • Advantages • Used by or as a form of whistle-blowing • National security • Prevent intimidation and fear of reprisal • Security of individuals • Disadvantages • Criminals • Dispute resolution • Circumventing the law • Cyber-stalking

5. Security • Means to prevent unauthorized access • Consists of: • Confidentiality - to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information to third parties. • Integrity - to prevent unauthorized modification of files and maintain the status quo • Availability -: to prevent unauthorized withholding of information from those who need it when they need it.

6. Security… • Physical security – guaranteed by: • Deterrence • Prevention • Detection • Response • Physical Access Controls • Authenticate the user • Information Security Controls • Cryptography • Authentication • Audit • Operational • Policies and guidelines

7. Privacy • Human value • Consists of: • Right to control external influences • Solitude - right to be alone • Anonymity – right to have no public identity • Intimacy – right not to be monitored • Right to control personal information: • Reserve – right to control one’s information

8. Types of Privacy • Personal Privacy • Personal space • Physical searches • Video recording • Surveillance • Informational Privacy • Personal information • Financial information • Medical information • Internet • Institutional Privacy

9. Value of Privacy • Considered valuable • Value eroding because inability to guarantee • Three attributes • Personal identity • Autonomy • Social Relationships • Information gathering • Buying and selling information • We provide some of this information • Internet crawlers

10. Privacy Violations • Intrusion – wrongful entry, seizing or acquiring • Misuse of Information – selling of our information • Interception of Information – eavesdropping • Surveillance • Information Matching

11. Ways We Give Out Information • Rewards or Loyalty Programs • Body Scanners • Digital Video Recorders • Automobile “Black Boxes” • Enhanced 911 Service • RFIDs • Implanted Chips • Medical information • Replace credit cards • Cookies • Biometrics • Spyware

12. Privacy Protection and Civil Liberties • Most accepted set of civil liberties • Criminal Justice • Police powers • Person liberty • Right to fair trail • Basic freedoms • Speech • Assembly • Association • Movement • No Discrimination • Freedom of information • Communications and privacy

13. Privacy Protection and Civil Liberties • Safeguards • Technical • Use of software and technical safeguards • Contractual • Contacts • Special information – publications • Must have actions and enforcement to be effective • Legal • Laws • Enforcement of the laws