India & China Establish Empires

1. India & China Establish Empires

2. India • Geography • The physical & location were important to the development of Indian Civilization • Physical Barriers: Himalayas, Hindu Kush,& Indian Ocean made it difficult to invaded • Mountain Passes in the Hindus Kush provided invasion routes into the Indian subcontinent • Indus and Ganges were the most important rivers in the Indian subcontinent.

3. Hindu Kush Mts

4. Himalayas Mtns

5. Indo-Aryan • Aryans ( Indo-Aryans) • Migrated from Asia Minor • Assertion of dominance in India • Created a rigid caste system (hereditary) • Influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations • Blending of native beliefs

7. Mauryan Empire300 B.C.E. to 185 B.C.E. • United most of India • Continued political unification of much of India • Emperor Asoka • Spread Buddhism throughout Asia • Contributions • Spread of Buddhism - Free Hospital • Veterinary clinics - Good roads

9. Gupta Empire320 B.C.E to 550 (C.E.) AD • The Golden Age of Classical India • Peace and Prosperity • Contributions: • Mathematics: most advance in the world • Modern numbers: zero, decimal system • Astronomy: Helped with trading ships positions • Concept of earth as round • Founded a calendar based on the sun: adopted 7 day week and divided up the day into hours • Medicine: surgery, setting bones plastic surgery, • New Textiles • literature

11. Contributions of IndiaThe Spread of Trade • India was rich in precious resources: • Spices, gold, and diamonds • Trade routes: • Silk Road cross Asia into Mediterranean basin • Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean to Arabian • Effects of Indian Trade • Lead to Banking • Spread religions to new regions • Asoka spread Buddhism

13. Hinduism • Characteristics: • Caste system in religious law based on occupation • Belief in many forms of one major deity • Reincarnation: cycles of rebirth • Vedas & Upanishands Sacred writings • Spread along major international trade routes hinduism

14. Hinduism • Karma: Knowledge that all thoughts • and actions result in future consequences

15. Buddhism • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) • Buddha “the Enlightened One” • Four Noble Truths • Eightfold Path to Enlightenment • Reincarnation • Rejected the caste system • ***Asoka’s missionaries and their writing spread Buddhism form India to China and other parts of Asia

16. China • Why was the Great Wall of China Built? • Migratory invader raided the Chinese settlements form the North. • Built as a line of Defense against Invaders. • Built by Qin Shi Huangdi • Government: • Succession of ruling families (Dynasties) • Chinese rulers were considered divine • Severed under the “MANDATE FROM HEAVEN” as long as their rule was just>**********

17. Great Wall of China

20. Great Wall

22. Contributions • Civil Service System • Paper • Porcelain • Silk: Silk Road facilitate trade and contract with China and other cultures as far away as Rome • Confucianism and Taoism

27. Confucianism • Contributed to the social order in China • Belief that humans are good, not bad • Respect for elders • Code of politeness, still used in China today • Emphasis on education • Ancestor worship

28. Taoism • Formed Chinese Culture and Values • Humility • Simple life and inner peace • Harmony and inner peace with nature

29. Others • Yin/Yang: represented opposites for Confucianism and Taoism • Chinese forms of Buddhism spread throughout Asia