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The Principal Organs of the United Nations. The General Assembly (GA). The General Assembly. The General Assembly is composed of representatives of nearly all the nations in the world. It is where countries can voice their concerns to the rest of the world.
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The General Assembly • The General Assembly is composed of representatives of nearly all the nations in the world. It is where countries can voice their concerns to the rest of the world. • Each Member State has a single vote no matter what its size in wealth. The Headquarters for the UN is in New York City.
The Special Committees of the GA • First Committee: Disarmament and International Security Matters • Second Committee: Economic and Financial Matters • Third Committee: Social, Cultural and Humanitarian matters • Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonization Matters • Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary Matters • Sixth Committee: Legal Matters
General Assembly Plenary The General Assembly, as a deliberative body, can discuss and make recommendations on “any question or any matters within the scope of the present United nations Charter.” All member nations have equal voting rights in the General Assembly.
GA First Committee: Disarmament and International Security First Committee The Disarmament and International Security Committee deals with disarmament and related international security questions, such as; the elimination of international terrorism, the trading of small arms and light weapons, a Nuclear Weapons Free World, etc…
GA Second Committee: Economic and Financial Second Committee The Economic and Financial Committee (Second Committee), it deals with issues relating to economic growth and development such as macroeconomic policy questions (including international trade, international financial system, debt and commodities), financing for development, sustainable development, human settlements, poverty eradication, globalization and interdependence, and information and communication technologies for development. Groups of Countries in special situations - such as the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs).
GA Third Committee: Social, Cultural and Humanitarian Third Committee The “Third Committee”, agenda items relating to a range of social, humanitarian affairs and human rights issues that affect peoples all over the world. The Committee also discusses the advancement of women, the protection of children, indigenous issues, the treatment of refugees, the promotion of fundamental freedoms through the elimination of racism and racial discrimination, and the promotion of the right to self- determination. The Committee also addresses important social development questions such as issues related to youth, family, ageing, persons with disabilities, crime prevention, criminal justice, and drug control.
GA Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonization Fourth Committee The Special Political and Decolonization Committee deals with a variety of subjects which include those related to decolonization, Palestinian refugees and human rights, peacekeeping, mine action, outer space, public information, atomic radiation and University for Peace.
GA Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary The Fifth Committee The Fifth Committee is the Committee of the General Assembly with responsibilities for administration and budgetary matters. Based on the reports of the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly considers and approves the budget of the Organization in accordance with Chapter IV, Article 17 of the Charter of the United Nations. The Assembly also considers and approves financial and budgetary arrangements with specialized agencies and makes recommendations to the agencies concerned. The Committee also holds a second resumed session in May to deal with administrative and budgetary aspects of UN Peacekeeping.
GA Sixth Committee: Legal Sixth Committee The Sixth Committee is the primary forum for the consideration of legal questions in the General Assembly. All of the U.N. Member States are entitled to representation on the Sixth Committee as one of the main committees of the General Assembly.
Security Council (SC) • The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. It is so organized as to be able to function continuously, and a representative of each of its members must be present at all times at United Nations Headquarters • Under the Charter, the functions and powers of the Security Council are: • to maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of the United Nations; • to investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction; • to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement; • to formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments; • to determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken; • to call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression; • to take military action against an aggressor; • to recommend the admission of new Members; • to exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in "strategic areas"; • to recommend to the GeneralAssembly the appointment of the Secretary-General and, together with the Assembly, to elect the Judges of the International Court of Justice.
ECOSOC • Information about the Council ECOSOC was established under the United Nations Charter as the principal organ to coordinate economic, social, and related work of the 14 UN specialized agencies, functional commissions and five regional commissions. The Council also receives reports from 11 UN funds and programmes. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues, and for formulating policy recommendations addressed to Member States and the United Nations system. It is responsible for: • promoting higher standards of living, full employment, and economic and social progress; • identifying solutions to international economic, social and health problems; • facilitating international cultural and educational cooperation; and • encouraging universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
ICJ • The Court • The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946. • The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (United States of America). • The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies. • The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. It is assisted by a Registry, its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French.
Trusteeship Council • In setting up an International Trusteeship System, the Charter established the Trusteeship Council as one of the main organs of the United Nations and assigned to it the task of supervising the administration of Trust Territories placed under the Trusteeship System. Major goals of the System were to promote the advancement of the inhabitants of Trust Territories and their progressive development towards self-government or independence. The Trusteeship Council is made up of the five permanent members of the Security Council --China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and United States. The aims of the Trusteeship System have been fulfilled to such an extent that all Trust Territories have attained self-government or independence, either as separate States or by joining neighboring independent countries. • Status • The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994, with the independence of Palau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory, on 1 October 1994. By a resolution adopted on 25 May 1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and agreed to meet as occasion required -- by its decision or the decision of its President, or at the request of a majority of its members or the General Assembly or the Security Council.
The Secretariat • The Secretariat — an international staff working in duty stations around the world — carries out the diverse day-to-day work of the Organization. It services the other principal organs of the United Nations and administers the programmes and policies laid down by them. At its head is the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year, renewable term. • The duties carried out by the Secretariat are as varied as the problems dealt with by the United Nations. These range from administering peacekeeping operations to mediating international disputes, from surveying economic and social trends and problems to preparing studies on human rights and sustainable development. Secretariat staff also inform the world's communications media about the work of the United Nations; organize international conferences on issues of worldwide concern; and interpret speeches and translate documents into the Organization's official languages.
The Secretary General My priorities as Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon outlines his vision of a stronger UN for a better world. “I am determined to make progress on the pressing issues of our time, step by step, by building on achievements along the way, working with Member States and civil society.”
