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The Cell

The Cell. The 3 Principles of Cell Theory: The cell is the basic unit of life All cells come from pre-existing cells (mitosis, meiosis, fertilization) All organisms are made of one or more cells. The scale Of Things!. What are cells so small?. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.

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The Cell

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  1. The Cell The 3 Principles of Cell Theory: • The cell is the basic unit of life • All cells come from pre-existing cells (mitosis, meiosis, fertilization) • All organisms are made of one or more cells

  2. The scale Of Things!

  3. What are cells so small?

  4. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Primitive modern Simple complex DNA is in nucleiod region DNA is in nucleus No membrane bound membrane bound organelles organelles Smaller (1-3 µm Ave.) Larger (10-30 µm) Bacteria, Archae Protists, Fungi, Plants Animals

  5. Prokaryotic Cell

  6. Eukaryotic Cell

  7. Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell • Cell Wall • Chloroplasts • Central Vacuole Plant Cell

  8. Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell • Centrioles • Cilia and Flagella • More Lysosomes Animal Cell

  9. Organelles: The Nucleus Controls cell activities Contains the DNA (DNA = hereditary material) Parts: Nuclear envelope Pores Nucleolus (RNA)

  10. Organelles: Ribosomes Ribosomes = site of protein synthesis (can be free floating or attached to ER)

  11. Organelles: ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) Rough ER = has ribosomes Smooth ER = no ribosomes So difference in function? Rough has protein synthesis occur on it and smooth does not Form channels of membrane for transport of materials in cell

  12. Organelles: Golgi Apparatus Sorts and packages materials

  13. Endomembrane System

  14. Organelles: Lysosomes Contain hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes Breakdown worn out parts of the cell

  15. Organelles: Mitochondria (powerhouse) Function: Cellular Respiration releases energy for the cell to use Parts: Outer membrane Inner Membrane Cristae Matrix

  16. Organelles: Chloroplast (plastid) Function: produce and store food Parts: Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Grana Stroma

  17. Chloroplast and Mitochondria • Semi-autonomous organelles • Both have double membranes • Both have their own DNA • Both make some of their own proteins • Cells on their own at one time??

  18. Organelles: Vacuoles • Animals: small • vacuoles • Plants: central • vacuole • Stores toxins • Water regulation • Lysosomal • function • Outside • membrane= • tonoplast

  19. Microbodies: convert harmful substances into useful ones i.e. peroxisome 2H2O2  2H2O + 2O2 Peroxisome converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

  20. Cytoskeleton: movement of organelles, shape and support Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

  21. Organelles: Cilia and Flagella

  22. Structure of cilia and flagella (9 + 2 arrangement)

  23. Cell to Cell Junctions: Plants-Plasmodesmata

  24. Cell to Cell Junctions: Animal Cells Desmosomes Gap junctions Tight Junctions

  25. Cell Membrane: Fluid-Mosaic Model

  26. Cell Membrane: made of phospholipids and proteins

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