The Planting of English America

1. The Planting of English America Remember the other colonizing powers: Spain, Swedes, France, Netherlands

2. Protestant Reformation in England • King Henry VIII breaks with Roman Catholic Church and forms Anglican Church. His daughter, Protest Elizabeth, begins England’s Golden Age and a rivalry with Catholic Spain.

3. Elizabeth Energizes England • Elizabeth sends English seadogs to pirate and plunder Spanish ships. Sir Francis Drake also becomes first English seadog that would circumnavigate the globe.

4. Sir Humphrey Gilbert fails in New Found Land Sir Walter Raleigh and The Lost Colony (Roanoke) First attempts at English colonization fail

5. 1588 The Defeat of Philip II’s Spanish Armada!England’s sea dogs defeat larger Spanish ships. England becomes “mistress of the ships”.

6. England reaches new heights Popular strong monarch Golden Age of Literature Sense of Nationalism Religious unity Mistress of the seas

7. Why England Sets Sail • Mushrooming population • Enclosure movement • Unemployment • Primogeniture • Joint Stock Company • By the 1600s the joint stock company was perfected, forerunner to modern capitalism

8. Jamestown • 1606 Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to settle in New World • Searching for gold but cash crop turned out to be tobacco

9. Jamestown’s Starving Time • Early settlers worked little • Captain John Smith saved colony by his “no work, no food” policy. • Pocahontas saves John Smith

10. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake • Powhatan’s Confederacy and the early settlers briefly coexisted • John Rolfe, the “Father of Tobacco” had married Pocahontas • First Anglo- Powhatan War (1614) • Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1646) decimates Natives in area

11. Virginia: Child of Tobacco First African Americans arrived in 1619 and quickly became slaves. Barbados slave codes. • Rolfe’s sweet tobacco was sought as a cash crop by Europe.

12. Representative self government was born in Virginia • The Virginia House of Burgesses set America on a rule towards self-rule. • James I called it a “seminary of sedition”.

13. 1634 Maryland A “Catholic Haven” • Founded by Lord Baltimore as a safe haven for persecuted Catholics. • Feudal estates granted by Lord Baltimore to close associates • Tobacco was cash crop

14. Maryland’s Act of Toleration • Guaranteed religious toleration to all Christians but decreed death penalty to those not believe in divinity of Christ.

15. The British West Indies • By 1600s Britain was successfully colonizing the West Indies • Sugar was main crop grown by African slaves. • Slave Codes established legal status of slaves / masters

16. Colonizing the Carolinas • Back in England a brief Civil War had dispatched Charles I. • Oliver Cromwell had ruled for 10 years but the Restoration had returned Charles II to the throne of England. Colonization could begin again. Oliver Cromwell

17. 1670 Carolina founded • Named for Charles II • Close economic ties to West Indies because of port of Charleston • Rice a principle crop • Lots of slaves imported / slave codes

18. North Carolina 1712 • Squatters from Virginia began to enter the Carolinas • Upset established aristocratic Charleston planters • “North Carolinians” were more independent minded than the planters

19. Georgia: The “buffer colony” • Georgia was intended to be a buffer colony between Spanish Florida , French Louisiana and Indians • The Charity Colony • Named for George II • Founded by James Oglethrope • Lots of missionaries in Savannah ( John Wesley)

20. The Southern Plantation Colonies • Slavery found in all colonies • Bustling seaports • Large plantations • Because of travel issues few schools • Major crops were rice / tobacco and indigo • Some form of religious toleration • Confrontations with Natives