English Colonies to American Independence

1. English Colonies to American Independence “No Taxation without representation”

2. The American Revolution Bell Ringer: What important ideas and major events led to the American Revolution? • Essential Standard 1: Analyze the foundations and development of American government in terms of principles and values. • CE.C&G. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 • From Colony to Revolution • Topic 1: Mercantilism and the French and Indian War • Topic 2: Taxes, Acts, and a Tea Party • Topic 3: The Declaration of Independence • Topic 4: Lexington to Yorktown

3. Non- English European Colonies • Spain: • Mexico, Central America, and South America • Western US  Present day Texas, New Mexico, California • Florida • They established “presidios” or forts within Mission Communities • French • Canada  Nova Scotia and St. Lawrence River • Fishing and Fur trading • 1690’s established Louisiana along the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico

4. English Colonies • Roanoke Colony • Sir Walter Raleigh • Becomes the Lost Colony • Jamestown 1607/1609 • In Virginia founded by the Virginia Company and led by John Smith. • First permanent settlement in the North America • Survived by growing Tobacco as a “cash crop” • The House Of Burgesses • First Legislature in the New World • Partnered with the Royal Governor to govern the colony.

5. New England Colonies • The Puritans 1620 • “Model Moral (Religious) Communities” • The Mayflower Compact • Provided the framework for colonial “Self-government” • Comprised of Four separate colonies by 1700. • Massachusetts • Rhode Island • Connecticut • New Hampshire • Focused on Religious Freedoms and Trade

6. Middle and Southern Colonies • New York • Maryland • New Jersey • Delaware • Pennsylvania • Virginia • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia • Middle Colonies focused on a mix of religious freedoms, toleration, and business • Southern Colonies focused on Agriculture and Cattle Farms • Because of Agriculture, the Slave Trade grew exponentially.

8. Democratic English Ideals • Magna Carta • King John in 1215 • Protected the rights of the people to own private property and guaranteed the right to trial by jury. • The English Bill Of Rights • William & Mary 1688 • A list of guaranteed freedoms from the government. • Required Parliament to meet regularly on behalf of the people. • Finally the Monarch (King and/or Queen) couldn’t raise taxes or build and army without Parliament approval.

9. The Enlightenment & Great Awakening • Enlightenment: • Intellectual movement that believed that all problems could be solved by human reason. • Baron de Montesquieu & John Locke main leaders in applying enlightenment philosophies to government and politics. • Affected Religious beliefs and caused decline in church attendance. • The Great Awakening • The opposite of the Enlightenment. • Circuit Riders like John Edwards and George Whitfield rode around on horse back having revivals. Great outpouring of “Holy Spirit” emotion. • Led to new churches and greater religious tolerance. • “If we can figure out how to worship God… we can govern ourselves.” • What democratic ideas were expressed by Enlightenment thinkers?

10. Think. Pair. Share. • Complete the “Analyzing Charts” Activity on page 93. • Answer the questions on your own first. • Then pair up with the person next to or behind you to compare/share answers.

11. Democratic Ideals • Locke– Government power comes from vote of people • Montesquieu- separation of powers • Rousseau- Direct Democracy • Voltaire- Free speech, religious tolerance

12. Causes of the American Revolution • The French and Indian War(s) (1754– 1763) • British win and gain Canada, Florida, and some of Louisiana in the Treaty of Paris. But afterwards… • The Crown limited the rights of English settlers who wanted to go west to settle in Louisiana. (…what the heck man? We fight but don’t get to explore?) • Taxes: • The Crown needed money to pay for the war and other settlements in the British Empire. The easiest way was through Taxes. • Some resisted the tax but most were loyal in the beginning. • More taxes caused up risings and the popular slogan was no taxation without representation! • Initially the problem was with Parliament but later with King George III • They hoped loyalty to the king would help cut issues with unfair taxes… it didn’t.

13. Colonies Resist… and then Revolt! • Stamp Act (1765): Tax on all paper goods and legal documents. • Townshend Act (1767): Tax on several English imports. • They boycotted goods that were taxed in order to send a message to the Parliament and King that they would not be bullied. • Boston Massacre (1770): 5 Colonist killed by British Military (CrispusAttucks) • Boston Tea Party (1773): Sons of Liberty threw all the tea in the Boston Harbor in protest. • Intolerable Acts (1774): Harsh punishments on Rebel Colonist.

14. Coming together… • First Continental Congress: (1774-1775) • Colonist air grievances and make plans. • Diplomatic efforts to appeal to King George to take away the taxes…. He refuses. • April 19, 1775 @ Lexington & Concord: • General Thomas Gage in sends British troops from Boston to Lexington and Concord to destroy colonial military supplies. • “Shot Heard Around The World”

15. “Common Sense” • Thomas Paine, philosopher, wrote controversial pamphlet “Common Sense” which made the argument that it would be logical for America to break away from the English Crown • Encouraged Congress to move forward on the Declaration of Independence • Widely read and accepted throughout the colonies.

16. Second Continental Congress 1776 • The Colonist Declare Independence (1776) • Written by Thomas Jefferson (a future President) and five other founding fathers. • Formal accusation against King George III as well as a statement of individual civil liberties and human rights.

17. Revolutionary War • George Washington  Mr. Popular | War Hero | General • War lasted from 1776-1781. • Victory was secured with the help of the French Navy at Yorktown with the surrender of British General Cornwallis. • Gained land from the French in the expanded Treaty of Paris. Spain still possess Florida. • Second Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 but took so long to pass through the Confederate Congress, it wasn’t ratified until January 14th, 1784. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvGAE1JcGV4 The Next Chapter Begins…. The Birth of a Nation.