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The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System. The Cardiovascular System. A closed system of the heart and blood vessels The heart pumps blood Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body

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The Cardiovascular System

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  1. The Cardiovascular System

  2. The Cardiovascular System • A closed system of the heart and blood vessels • The heart pumps blood • Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body • The function of the cardiovascular _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  3. The Heart • Location • _________ between the _____ • Pointed ____ directed toward ___________ • About the size of your fist

  4. The Heart Figure 11.1

  5. The Heart: Coverings • ______________ – a double serous membrane • _______________________ • Next to heart • _______________________ • Outside layer • ______ ________fills the space between the layers of pericardium

  6. The Heart: Heart Wall • Three layers • _____________ • Outside layer • This layer is the parietal pericardium • ________________________ • _____________ • Middle layer • Mostly ___________________ • _____________ • Inner layer • ______________

  7. External Heart Anatomy Figure 11.2a

  8. The Heart: Chambers • Right and left side act as separate pumps • Four chambers • _________ • __________ chambers • Right atrium • Left atrium • _______________ • ___________ chambers • Right ventricle • Left ventricle Figure 11.2c

  9. Blood Circulation Figure 11.3

  10. The Heart: Valves • Allow blood to flow in only one direction • Four valves • __________________ valves – between atria and ventricles • _________________(left) • __________________(right) • ____________________between ventricle and artery • _______________semilunar valve • _________semilunar valve

  11. The Heart: Valves • Valves open as blood is pumped through • Held in place by _________ ___________ (“heart strings”) • Close to prevent ___________

  12. Operation of Heart Valves Figure 11.4

  13. The Heart: Associated Great Vessels • ________ • Leaves left ventricle • ____________________ • Leave right ventricle • ___________ • Enters right atrium • ___________________(four) • Enter left atrium

  14. Coronary Circulation • Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium • The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system • Coronary arteries • Cardiac veins • Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus

  15. Heart Contractions • Contraction is initiated by the ____________ ______ • Sequential stimulation occurs at other autorhythmic cells

  16. Heart Contractions Figure 11.5

  17. Filling of Heart Chambers – the Cardiac Cycle Figure 11.6

  18. The Heart: Cardiac Cycle • Atria contract simultaneously • Atria relax, then ventricles contract • _________ = contraction • _________ = relaxation

  19. The Heart: Cardiac Output • Cardiac output (CO) • Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute • CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV]) • Stroke volume • Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

  20. Cardiac Output Regulation Figure 11.7

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