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Communication. The Art of Interacting with others. Forms of Communication. Cathy would like to describe her graduation ceremony to her aunt who lives in Australia. Think of two ways in which she could do this
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Communication The Art of Interacting with others
Forms of Communication • Cathy would like to describe her graduation ceremony to her aunt who lives in Australia. Think of two ways in which she could do this • After the graduation, Cathy wants to describe to her brother how some of the girls walked up to collect their certificate. What do you think she would do?
Forms of Communication • Verbal • Requires words • May be speech or writing • Conversation • Face-to-face • Telephone • Letter • Email • Text message • Fax • Messenger/chat
Forms of Communication • Non-Verbal • Relies on elements other than speech or writing • Is just as important as non-verbal communication • Body language (gestures, posture, facial expression) • Use of space • Use of objects • Dress • Graphics (charts, tables, diagrams) • Integrating forms for specific purposes (role play, simulation)
FORM and CONTEXT • The specific FORM of communication is, or should be, intimately related to the CONTEXT in which it is used • One element of our COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE is our ability to get our message across accurately
Contexts of Communication • In order to evaluate the appropriateness or effectiveness of a communication act, we must first understand its context. • Communication does not occur in a vacuum. It occurs within a CONTEXT • The circumstances of a communicative act are referred to as the CONTEXT of communication
Contexts of Communication • You have to give a speech in each of the following situations. Consider the adjustments that you would have to make to your presentation • To a panel of interviewers where you are applying for a job • To a group of standard two students in their assembly hall • To an oral examiner in a small examination room • To a group of persons opposing your ideas • On national television • On radio
Contexts of Communication • Who is present, or who is being addressed. What do you need to consider here? • The general attitude of your audience. Why is this important? • Where the communication takes place. What are the factors that should influence your communicative decisions?
Contexts of Communication Context may be • FORMAL • Certain societal norms are evident and there are perceived patterns of behaviour • NON-FORMAL/INFORMAL • Individuals or groups are not constrained by specified ways in which communication would normally take place
Contexts of Communication • Intrapersonal- Thinking, solving problems, imagining/imaging • Interpersonal – interviews, conversations, intimate communication • Small group – leadership meeting, brain-storming, prayer meeting
Contexts of Communication • Organizational – business, government, official purposes, educational • Academic – essay, research paper, doctoral thesis • Public – speeches, debates • Intercultural – communicating across social sub-group, in tourism
Contexts of Communication Match the scenarios with the most appropriate form of verbal communication