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Unit 6, Chapter 17

Unit 6, Chapter 17. Integrated Science. Unit Six: Properties of Matter. Chapter 17 Properties of Matter. 17.1 Properties of Solids 17.2 Density of Fluids 17.3 Buoyancy of Fluids 17.4 Viscosity of Fluids. Chapter 17 Learning Goals.

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Unit 6, Chapter 17

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  1. Unit 6, Chapter 17 Integrated Science

  2. Unit Six: Properties of Matter Chapter 17 Properties of Matter • 17.1 Properties of Solids • 17.2 Density of Fluids • 17.3 Buoyancy of Fluids • 17.4 Viscosity of Fluids

  3. Chapter 17 Learning Goals • Learn the definitions of terms used to describe properties of matter. • Learn how to calculate the density of solids. • Learn how to find the density of liquids and use your understanding to make a density column. • Use a density column to predict the density of a solid. • Investigate how the shape of an object can determine whether it floats or sinks. • Compare the weight of an object with the weight of the water it displaces. • Learn why certain fluids are more viscous than others. • Measure the viscosity of fluids using a viscometer. • Compare the properties of viscosity and the density of fluids.

  4. Archimedes’ principle brittleness buoyancy density elasticity hardness Chapter 17 Vocabulary Terms • malleability • tensile strength • viscosity

  5. 17.1 Properties of Solids • Properties help us distinguish between different types of matter. • density • hardness • elasticity • brittleness • malleability • tensile strength Elasticity Brittleness

  6. Key Question: How can you find the density of a solid? 17.1 Properties of Solids *Read text section 17.1 AFTER Part 5 of Investigation 17.1

  7. 17.2 Density of Fluids • Liquids tend to be less dense than when in their solid form.

  8. 17.2 Density of Water • Water is an exception. • Ice is less dense than liquid water, so ice floats. • Water molecules are more tightly packed when in liquid form.

  9. Key Question: Can you create a stack of fluids? 17.2 Density of Fluids *Read text section 17.2 BEFORE Investigation 17.2

  10. 17.3 States of Matter • Buoyancy is a measure of the upward pressure a fluid exerts on an object. • When a rock is suspended in air, it weighs 2.25 N. • In water, it weighs 1.8 N.

  11. In the third century BC, a Greek mathematician named Archimedes made an important discovery about the buoyant force. He realized that the force exerted on an object in a liquid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. We call this relationship Archimedes’ principle. 17.3 What is Archimedes’ principle?

  12. 17.3 Buoyancy • A solid cubic meter of steel weighs 76,400 N. • It displaces 9,800 N of water.

  13. 17.3 Buoyancy • The same amount of steel, shaped into a 10-cubic-meter boat, is pushed under water. • Now it displaces 98,000 N of water.

  14. 17.3 Buoyancy • When the boat floats, it displaces 76,400 N of water—which is equal to the boat’s own weight.

  15. 17.3 Buoyancy of Gases • According to Charles’ law, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature. The volume of a gas shrinks with decreasing temperature. • Heated molecules move with greater energy. As they collide with each other and the sides of the balloon, they take up more space.

  16. 17.3 Gases and Pressure • The beach ball and basketball each contain the same amount of air. • The basketball has greater pressure than the beach ball because the air particles are squeezed into a smaller space and collide with the walls more often.

  17. 17.3 Boyle's Law initial volume new volume P1V1 = P2V2 initial pressure new pressure

  18. 17.3 Volume vs. Pressure

  19. Key Question: Can you make a clay boat float? 17.3 Buoyancy of Fluids *Read text section 17.3 BEFORE Investigation 17.3

  20. Key Question: How can viscosity be measured? 17.4 Viscosity of Fluids *Read text section 17.4 AFTER Investigation 17.4

  21. 17.4 Viscosity of Fluids Viscometer • Use the timer and photogates to measure speed of marble moving through a liquid . • Compare two liquids such as water and corn oil.

  22. Which molecule would be easier to pour from a bottle? Which would experience more friction? 17.4 Compare Density to Viscosity

  23. 17.4 Viscosity of Fluids • Thick substances are very viscous. • Viscosity is also an important property of motor oils and certain foods such as milkshakes and catsup. • Viscosity is determined in large part by the shape of the molecules in a liquid.

  24. 17.4 Temperature and Viscosity • The viscosity of a liquid is related to its temperature. • As a liquid gets warmer, its viscosity decreases.

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