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World War I (1914-1918)

World War I (1914-1918). Growing Rivalries. Britain threatened by Germany’s industrial success Germany felt disrespected by rest of Europe France had old grudge against Germany Russia felt they had to prove themselves to Europe

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World War I (1914-1918)

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  1. World War I(1914-1918)

  2. Growing Rivalries • Britain threatened by Germany’s industrial success • Germany felt disrespected by rest of Europe • France had old grudge against Germany • Russia felt they had to prove themselves to Europe • Germany builds huge military so other European nations do too= competition

  3. The M.A.I.N Causes of WWI 4 Main Factors led to WWI in Europe: • Militarism • Alliance System • Imperialism • Nationalism

  4. Militarism • Militarism – policy of building up, glorifying military; belief that only way to guarantee peace is to prepare for war • Arms race: Countries wanted to prove they had the best military; competition for best weapons • Reliance on military strength and building up military size Here comes the BOOM!

  5. Alliances • Alliance System – promises between nations to support each other in case of war • Meant that if two nations fought, all of Europe would get involved • Mutual defense treaties placed European countries into 2 main groups: • Triple Alliance • Triple Entente

  6. Military Alliances Triple Alliance Triple Entente Great Britain France Russia • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy

  7. Imperialism • Imperialism – policy of taking over places and making them into colonies • Colonies were exploited for raw materials & to aid in industrialization • France & Britain colonized most of the world • Germany tried gain colonies, which threatened France & Britain Territorial rivalries: • France wanted Alsace Lorraine from Germany • Russia wanted ice-free harbors

  8. Nationalism • Nationalism: cultural identity based on common language, religion, and national symbols • Germany proud of economic & military strength • Russia= “Pan-Slavism”Russia+Serbia • French wanted Alsace-Lorraine back • Austria-Hungary feared rebellions

  9. The SPark: Assassination leads to War!!! • Archduke Franz Ferdinand was visiting Bosnia • He was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary • This was an area Serbia wanted to join • 1914, he was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist

  10. Chain Reaction • Ottoman Empire (Turkey) disbanded & independent nations supported by Russia • Alliance system pulled nations into conflict one by one • If a nation had sworn to protect another, it had to declare war on that nations enemies

  11. Specific Cause • Ferdinand assassinatedAustria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • Russia mobilized for war  Germany declared war on Russia & France (ally) • Great Britain aided France & declared war on Germany • Germany thinks France will help Russia, so they launch the Schlieffen Plan

  12. Strategy & Technology

  13. Schlieffen Plan FAIL! • German plan to quickly defeat France, then focus on Russia • Plan= to take neutral Belgium before Great Britain could mobilize • Russian Army mobilizes quicker than expected German retreat • Plan fails, leads to stalemate & trench warfare on Western Front

  14. Trench Warfare • Kind of combat on the Western Front • Huge number of deaths, very little movement • Defense was best strategy • Conditions in trenches were terrible • Trenches were wet, muddy, cold, and damp, with disease, lice, trench foot, and rats, as well as shell shock

  15. Trench Parts http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/wwone_movies/index_embed.shtml

  16. WEAPONS & Technology • Modern weapons=High casualties • Germans then Allies used poison gas, tanks, airplanes, & modern submarines • Germany used zeppelins & airplanes w/ machine guns • “Flying Aces” pilots= dog fights in the sky • German used U-boat submarines to damage trade & shipping

  17. New weapons played a big role in War

  18. The Great war • Germany mobilized 13 million soldiers • Russia 12 million • Britain 9 million • France8.5 million • Austria 8 million • 1 in 4 soldiers were killed, even more wounded, lost limbs, vision, mental health, etc…

  19. US Entry • British navy blockaded Germany • In response, Germany practiced unrestricted submarine warfare • This angered many Americans, especially after Germans sank the Lusitaniawhichkilled some Americans

  20. US Entry • To keep the US from entering, Germany tried to get Mexico to attack the US • This was called the Zimmerman Telegram • The US intercepted it, declares war on Germany • Both sides used propaganda to control public opinion

  21. Role of Women • Women stepped in to fill the jobs previously held by me who were now off at war • Many women served in military as nurses • Women’s strength during war time helped them to achieve voting rights after WWI

  22. End of the War • After US entry (1917), Germany & Austria-Hungary are quickly defeated • President Wilson issues Fourteen Points, his terms for resolving WWI & future wars • Armistice= cease-fire issued & signed agree to stop fighting • Treaty of Versailles ends WWI • War ends on Nov. 11 1918 • The Treaty says that Germany: • Must disarm its military • Must give up land • Must pay back money to winning countries

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